Recent Brachiopoda from the Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia, with description of four new species

Bitner, Maria Aleksandra

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2235.1.1

Cited by 19 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…The strongly unisulcate anterior commissure of Ebiscothyris gen. nov. differentiates it from other extant members of the Terebratulidae, which are commonly rectimarginate to weakly uniplicate. The only terebratulid genus with a similarly unisulcate anterior commissure is Kanakythyris Laurin, from around New Caledonia and the Norfolk Ridge, but Kanakythyris clearly differs from Ebiscothyris gen. nov. in beak and loop characters (Laurin, ; Bitner, ). The parallel descending branches and broad medially folded transverse bands of the Ebiscothyris gen. nov. loop resembles those of the terebratulid genera Acrobrochus Cooper, , Erymnia Cooper, , Tichosina Cooper, , Dolichozygus Cooper, , and Dysedrosia Cooper, , but unlike these genera Ebiscothyris gen. nov. clearly differs in external morphology and lacks well‐defined and distinctive crural bases (Cooper, ; Cooper, ).…”

Section: Systematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) shows E. bellonensis gen. et sp. nov. to be sister to Kanakythyris pachyrhynchos Laurin, , which is known only from New Caledonia, the Loyalty Islands, and the Norfolk Ridge (Laurin, ; Bitner, ), localities further from the Coral Sea than the expected dispersal range of lecithotrophic terebratulide larvae. These taxa differ substantially in morphology: in Kanakythyris the beak is incurved with a very small foramen, whereas the loop has a strong, sharp median fold on the transverse band, forming a narrow ridge.…”

Section: Systematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Congruence and conflict: case studies of morphotaxonomy versus rDNA gene tree phylogeny among articulate brachiopods (Brachiopoda: Rhynchonelliformea), with description of a new genus

Bitner

Cohen

2015

Zool J Linn Soc

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We present five case studies among articulate (rhynchonelliform) brachiopods, i.e. of Rhynchonellida, Cancellothyridoidea, Terebratuloidea, Dyscolioidea, Laqueoidea, and various terebratulids with modified long-loops, in an attempt to illustrate and better understand congruence and conflict between morpho-classification and rDNA-based molecular clade structure, having been prompted to address these issues by difficulties encountered when describing the newly collected brachiopod, Ebiscothyris bellonensis gen. et sp. nov. The five studies reveal dramatic conflict in the Rhynchonellida and Terebratuloidea/Dyscolioidea, good congruence in the Cancellothyridoidea and Laqueoidea, and fair congruence (albeit with weak phylogenetic signal) in the long-looped terebratulids. We suggest that the leading cause of the observed conflict lies in the use of inadequately specific morphological characters and morphoclassification. Phylogenetic systematic (cladistic) analyses of Rhynchonellida also conflict markedly with the rDNA gene tree, leading us to recognize that such analyses are not only conceptually circular (using morphological characters to assess a morphological classification) but also to propose that they are biased by the act of classification that necessarily precedes the identification of putatively homologous characters; when the prior classification does not reflect evolutionary history, phylogenetic analysis will do likewise. In addition, we propose that the brachiopod community has overlooked the significance of two sources of morphological homoplasy affecting brachiopod systematics: (1) the loss of co-adapted genomic complexes caused by mass extinctions at the end of the Permian; and (2) the pervasive consequences of developmental integration and constraint resulting from the integrated roles of the outer mantle epithelium in shell deposition and growth that underly the determination of form and the shell-based classification.

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Section: Systematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Systematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congruence and conflict: case studies of morphotaxonomy versus rDNA gene tree phylogeny among articulate brachiopods (Brachiopoda: Rhynchonelliformea), with description of a new genus

Bitner

Cohen

2015

Zool J Linn Soc

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“…Initially, based on the absence of the cardinal process, the material collected during NOR-FOLK 1 and NORFOLK 2 was assigned by me to Xenobrochus africanus (COOPER, 1973), a species already reported from the New Caledonia region (LAURIN, 1997). Nevertherless, I transferred it to X. australis COOPER, 1981, following the suggestions of one of the reviewers (BITNER, 2009). However, examination of the type material of this species allows excluding the Norfolk brachiopods from X. australis which is much larger (maximum length 15 mm), has a prominent cardinal process, very long crura and a distinct median angulation on the transverse band.…”

Section: Xenobrochus Norfolkensismentioning

confidence: 99%

Xenobrochus norfolkensis (Brachiopoda: Dyscoliidae), a new species from the Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia, South-West Pacific

Bitner¹

2011

Carnets De Géologie (Notebooks on Geology)

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The genus Xenobrochus, with the type species Gryphus africanus COOPER, 1973, was erected for short-looped brachiopods of small size, rectimarginate and having a loop with anteriorly convex transverse band. A new species of Xenobrochus, X. norfolkensis sp. nov. has been identified in the material collected during the French cruises SMIB 8, NORFOLK 1 and NORFOLK 2 to the Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia, SW Pacific. This species differs from those hitherto described in the absence of cardinal process and relatively wide outer hinge plates. The genus, represented now by nine species, has a distribution restricted to the Indian Ocean and West Pacific.

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“…Morphometric and cladistic coding of variation have not been employed, even by the most recent workers (e.g. Logan & Long, ; Robinson & Lee, ; Bitner, , , ; Logan et al ., ). Species recognition therefore involves subjective matching of the (often faint) shell traces such as result from muscle insertions on the dorsal valve interior.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniid brachiopods: aspects of clade structure and distribution reflect continental drift (Brachiopoda: Craniiformea)

2014

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We present maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference relative time-tree analyses of aligned gene sequences from a worldwide collection of craniiform brachiopods belonging to two genera, Novocrania and Neoancistrocrania. Sequences were obtained from one mitochondrial and three nuclear-encoded ribosomal RNA genes from varying numbers of specimens. Data-exploration by network (splits) analyses indicates that each gene identifies the same divergent clades and (with one minor exception) the same inter-clade relationships. Neoancistrocrania specimens were found only in the Pacific Ocean, near Japan, on the Norfolk and Chesterfield Ridges, and near the Solomon Islands. The Novocrania clades, in approximate order of increasing distance from the root comprise 1. a 'Northern' clade of animals collected in the NE. Atlantic, W. Mediterranean and Adriatic; 2. a 'Tethyan' clade comprising animals from the E. Mediterranean, Cape Verde islands and the Caribbean (Belize and Jamaica); 3. a 'NE. Pacific' clade containing animals from Vancouver Island and from localities near Japan and south of Taiwan; 4. a 'Southern' clade that contains two widely separated subclades, one from New Zealand and the other with an extraordinarily wide distribution, ranging from near Japan in the north to the Chesterfield Ridge and Solomon Islands in the West, and in the East to the Galapagos Islands, the coast of South America (Chile) and Richardson seamount (off South Africa) in the South Atlantic. To the South, members of this clade were found in the Weddell, Scotia and Bellinghausen Antarctic Seas. The root of the extant craniid radiation was previously found (by relaxed-clock analysis) to lie on the branch connecting the two genera so that, in effect, the one clade of Neoancistrocrania serves to polarise evolutionary relationships within the several clades of Novocrania. As previously suggested, all results confirm that Neoancistrocrania is sister to the 'Northern' Novocrania clade, and this leads to a proposal that Neoancistrocrania represents one extreme of a wide range of variation in ancestral ventral valve mineralisation, speciation (∼90 Ma) resulting from competitive exclusion in rapidly-growing reef environments. To the extent possible, the identified molecular clades are correlated with named species of Novocrania.The reproductive and population biology of craniid brachiopods is not well known, but from available evidence they are considered to have low-dispersal potential and, except in enclosed localities such as cold-water fjords, to have small effective population sizes, features which are consistent with the observed divergent populations in well-separated localities. Exceptionally slow craniid molecular (rDNA) evolution is suggested by the short branch of Novocrania where it has been used as an outgroup for large-scale analyses of metazoans. Slow molecular evolution is also indicated by the existence of a distinct Tethyan clade, reflecting restricted dispersal at former times, and by the uniform, short, genetic distances and exception...

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Recent Brachiopoda from the Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia, with description of four new species

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

Congruence and conflict: case studies of morphotaxonomy versus rDNA gene tree phylogeny among articulate brachiopods (Brachiopoda: Rhynchonelliformea), with description of a new genus

Congruence and conflict: case studies of morphotaxonomy versus rDNA gene tree phylogeny among articulate brachiopods (Brachiopoda: Rhynchonelliformea), with description of a new genus

Xenobrochus norfolkensis (Brachiopoda: Dyscoliidae), a new species from the Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia, South-West Pacific

Craniid brachiopods: aspects of clade structure and distribution reflect continental drift (Brachiopoda: Craniiformea)

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