Recent biotechnological tools for diagnosis of corona virus disease: A review

Abstract

Recently, a corona virus disease (COVID-19) caused by a novel corona virus (sevier acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2; SARS-CoV-2), rapidly spread throughout the world. It has been resulted an unprecedented public health crisis and has become a global threat. WHO declared it as a pandemic due to rapid transmission and severity of the disease. According to WHO, as of 22nd of August 2020, the disease spread over 213 countries of the world having 22,812,491 confirmed cases and 795,132 deaths recorded worldwide. In the absence of suitable antiviral drugs and vaccines, the current pandemic has created an urgent need for accurate diagnostic tools that would be helpful for early detection of the patients. Many tests including classical and high-throughput techniques have developed and obtained U.S. Food and drug administration (FDA) approval. However, efforts are being made to develop new diagnostic tools for detection of the disease. Several molecular diagnostic tests such as real-time-polymerase chain reaction, real-time isothermal loop-mediated amplification (RT-LAMP), full genome analysis by next-generation sequencing, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats technique and microarray-based assays along with other techniques such as computed tomography scan, biomarkers, biosensor, nanotechnology, serological test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), isolation of viral strain in cell culture are currently available for diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. This review provides a brief overview of promising high-throughput techniques currently used for detection of SARS-CoV-2, along with their scope and limitations that may be used for effective control of the disease.

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Acceptance among Medical Students: An Online Cross-sectional Study in Iraq

“…Coronavirus disease caused by rapidly spread coronavirus all over the world resulted in public health crisis and global threat [1]. This pandemic has created an urgent need for vaccine development in spite of control measures against COVID-19 and massive vaccination has emerged as a solution preventive measure to control this disease [2].…”

Development of RT-PCR Based Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2

“…Previously, these procedures, also known as preanalytical variables, have been identified as the key causes of laboratory testing errors. The most acceptable TT for the TM must be validated during the production of the TM for the identification of the target analyte; otherwise the analysis is performed within a wide range of analytical errors [37]. Successful detection of the virus also depends on time of testing, early or late detection, viral load, sample collection etc.…”

Hepatitis D: challenges in the estimation of true prevalence and laboratory diagnosis

“…The HDV nucleic acid quantitative analysis can be used to both diagnose and monitor the treatment outcomes. The routine PCR cannot be used to detect HDVL as the HDV genome is made of RNA, not DNA [ 42 ]. Real-time quantitative reverse transcript PCR (RT-qPCR) is to add a signal system based on traditional PCR to achieve the purpose of real-time quantitative detection of samples.…”