Recent Biomimetic Approaches for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering and Their Clinical Applications: Narrative Review of the Literature

Abstract

Since articular cartilage is lacking blood vessels and nerves, its capacity to heal is extremely limited. This means that ruptured cartilage affects the joint as a whole. A health issue known as osteoarthritis can develop as a result of injury and deterioration. Osteoarthritis development can be speeded up by the widespread deterioration of articular cartilage, which ranks third on the list of musculoskeletal disorders requiring rehabilitation, behind only low back pain and broken bones. The current treatments for cartilage repair are ineffective and rarely restore full function or tissue normalcy. A promising new technology in tissue engineering may help create functional cartilage tissue substitutes. Ensuring that the cell source is loaded with bioactive molecules that promote cellular differentiation and/or maturation is the general approach. This review summarizes recent advances in cartilage tissue engineering, and recent clinical trials have been conducted to provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent research developments and clinical applications in the framework of degenerated articular cartilage and osteoarthritis.

Repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects with a 3DP-anchored three-phase complex

“…Second, the bionic scaffold is based on the articular cartilage tissue structure and supported by subchondral bone. An individualized, high bionic, full-layer three-phase tissue-engineered cartilage scaffold was prepared that is consistent with the defect area [ 17 ]. A series of parallel channels are designed in the scaffold, which can provide extension space for the growth of chondrocytes and is conducive to the extension of chondrocytes and coupling with in situ cartilage [ 18 ].…”