Recent bioanalytical methods for quantification of third‐generation cephalosporins using HPLC and LC‐MS(/MS) and their applications in pharmacokinetic studies

Abstract

Third-generation cephalosporins are semi-synthetic antibiotics with enhanced activity against Gram-negative organisms. The cephalosporins in biological samples are mostly determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In recent years, numerous bioanalytical methods have been developed to improve the sensitivity and specificity of cephalosporin quantification using the powerful LC-MS/MS systems that are common in research laboratories. This review article presents recently developed bioanalytical methods by HPLC or LC-MS(/MS) for 12 third-generation cephalosporins, including five oral third-generation cephalosporins, and further discusses their application in pharmacokinetic studies of animals and humans.

Analytical Determination of Cephalosporin Antibiotics Using Coordination Polymer Based on Cobalt Terephthalate as a Sorbent

“…Most of the methods are associated with technologies such as biological [ 18 , 19 , 20 ] and membrane technologies [ 21 ], as well as the oxidation processes [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Of greatest interest is the analysis of cephalosporins both in pure form and in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids [ 1 , 25 ]. Today, chromatographic techniques are widely used for the analysis of cephalosporins, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) [ 14 ], high-performance thin layer chromatography [ 32 ], and capillary electrophoresis (CE) [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Synthesis of Isotopically Labeled 13C3-Simazine and Development of a Simultaneous UPLC-MS/MS Method for the Analysis of Simazine in Soil

“…Recently, LC-MS/MS has been widely applied in trace analysis of pesticides. Moreover, it is routinely used in food safety, pharmacokinetic experiments and clinical laboratories [19].…”

Determination of baicalin and ginsenoside Re in Banxia-Xiexin decoction using pharmacokinetics and icELISA analysis in mice. Effects of interaction between prescription herbs on the pharmacokinetics of compounds

“…For example, a recent study of drug compatibility demonstrated that the combination of Radix Aconiti Laterlis with Radix Glycyrrhizae resulted in signicant changes in the pharmacokinetics of aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine detected in rat plasma. The feasibility of these methods have been validated, [8][9][10][11] despite the fact that they require relatively large amounts of samples for testing and complex pre-treatment methods for detection. 6 In addition to metabolism, the combination and dose of herbs may alter absorption of the medicine.…”

“…7 Currently, besides high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), numerous bioanalytical methods have been developed and applied in pharmacokinetic studies in vivo, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/ MS). The feasibility of these methods have been validated, [8][9][10][11] despite the fact that they require relatively large amounts of samples for testing and complex pre-treatment methods for detection. In this study, a more practical approach, indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) was applied, which is based on small molecule monoclonal antibodies and has high sensitivity and specicity.…”