Recent applications and strategies in nanotechnology for lung diseases

Abstract

Lung diseases, including COVID-19 and lung cancers, is a huge threat to human health. However, for the treatment and diagnosis of various lung diseases, such as pneumonia, asthma, cancer, and pulmonary tuberculosis, are becoming increasingly challenging. Currently, several types of treatments and/or diagnostic methods are used to treat lung diseases; however, the occurrence of adverse reactions to chemotherapy, drug-resistant bacteria, side effects that can be significantly toxic, and poor drug delivery necessitates the development of more promising treatments. Nanotechnology, as an emerging technology, has been extensively studied in medicine. Several studies have shown that nano-delivery systems can significantly enhance the targeting of drug delivery. When compared to traditional delivery methods, several nanoparticle delivery strategies are used to improve the detection methods and drug treatment efficacy. Transporting nanoparticles to the lungs, loading appropriate therapeutic drugs, and the incorporation of intelligent functions to overcome various lung barriers have broad prospects as they can aid in locating target tissues and can enhance the therapeutic effect while minimizing systemic side effects. In addition, as a new and highly contagious respiratory infection disease, COVID-19 is spreading worldwide. However, there is no specific drug for COVID-19. Clinical trials are being conducted in several countries to develop antiviral drugs or vaccines. In recent years, nanotechnology has provided a feasible platform for improving the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, nanotechnology-based strategies may have broad prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. This article reviews the latest developments in nanotechnology drug delivery strategies in the lungs in recent years and studies the clinical application value of nanomedicine in the drug delivery strategy pertaining to the lung.

Efficacy and Safety of Nanoadministration in the Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Is Good to Some Extent: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Therefore, we can infer that nanoadministration can improve tolerance, which may allow higher dose transmission and help improve the survival of patients with NSCLC. This shows the good safety and efficacy of the nanoadministration group, which is in line with the previous conclusion of Zhong et al [ 18 ].…”

“…The results of Shuzhen Chen et al showed that ferroferric oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)-targeted delivery of small interfering RNA against baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5 (siBIRC5) and oligodeoxynucleotide antisense (AS-ODN) can enhance radiosensitivity, providing an innovative solution for patients with lung adenocarcinoma who are currently clinically resistant to radiotherapy and have low toxicity risk [ 17 ]. In the treatment of lung cancer, the application of nanomedicine is mainly divided into nanomedicine and anticancer drugs, nanomedicine and lung cancer immunotherapy, and active targeting of nanomedicines for lung cancer three aspects [ 18 ]. Due to the characteristics of the nanodrug delivery system, it can help overcome the disadvantage of poor water solubility of drugs and improve the biological distribution of drugs [ 18 ].…”

Ultrasound-sensitive siRNA-loaded nanobubbles fabrication and antagonism in drug resistance for NSCLC

“…The combination of NBs and US irradiation has distinct potential to improve gene transfection efficiency. NBs combined with ultrasound irradiation have significant potential to improve the efficiency of gene transfection, and have several advantages for NBs’ gene delivery, including the extended duration in blood circulation, low cytotoxicity, limited immunogenicity, and high repeatability (Gao et al., 2019 ; Xu et al., 2019 ; Hu et al., 2020 ; Zhong et al., 2021 ). The transfection of SCR siRNA with US irradiation and NBs was detected by flow cytometry in vitro .…”

Inflammation‐modulating nanoparticles for pneumonia therapy

“…The extensive spread of viral infections and their ability to evolve through genetic mutation cause a global threat for humans (Muhammad et al, 2020). The SARS‐CoV, and MERS‐CoV have caused severe lung inflammation and lung damage with many death cases (Zhong et al, 2021; Z. Zhu et al, 2020). The new strain of coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 (disease COVID‐19) has been leading to the pandemic until now.…”