Recent application and developments of capillary isotachophoresis

Gebauer, Petr; Boček, Petr

doi:10.1002/elps.1150181206

Cited by 50 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Recently, some authors presented interesting contributions to the discussion of system peaks and their origin [13,14] and vacancy electrophoresis [15]. At present we are studying whether the vacancy peaks are identical with the system peaks described and calculated in this paper.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

System peaks in capillary zone electrophoresis What are they and where are they coming from?

Beckers

Everaerts

1997

Journal of Chromatography A

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

System peaks in capillary zone electrophoresis What are they and where are they coming from?

Beckers

Everaerts

1997

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…To make UV detection more sensitive without using any chemical derivatization, various on-column preconcentration techniques [16][17][18][19] have been used such as, fieldamplified stacking [20,21], large-volume sample stacking [22,23], pH-mediated stacking [24][25][26][27], transient isotachophoresis (t-ITP) [28][29][30], transient pseudo-isotachophoresis (tp-ITP) [31,32], and dynamic pH junction [33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-column preconcentration of glutathione and glutathione disulfide using pH-mediated base stacking for the analysis of microdialysis samples by capillary electrophoresis

Hoque

Arnett

Lunte

2005

Journal of Chromatography B

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Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has become a useful analytical tool for the analysis of microdialysis samples. However, CE with UV detection (CE-UV) is not sensitive enough to quantify glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in high ionic strength sample matrices such as microdialysates, because of the small optical path length in the capillary. To overcome this limitation, an on-column preconcentration technique, pH-mediated base stacking, was used in this study to improve the sensitivity of CE-UV. In pH-mediated base stacking, sample injection is followed by the injection of sodium hydroxide to achieve on-column preconcentration of analytes. This stacking technique allowed large volumes of high ionic strength samples to be injected without deterioration of the separation efficiency and resolution. The limit of detection for GSH and GSSG was found to be 0.75 µM (S/N = 6) and 0.25 µM (S/N = 6), respectively. A 26-fold increase in sensitivity was achieved for both GSH and GSSG using the pH-mediated base stacking, relative to normal injection without stacking. The developed method was used to analyze GSH and GSSG in liver microdialysates of anesthetized Sprague Dawley male rats. The basal concentrations of GSH and GSSG in the liver microdialysates of male rats were found to be 4.73 ± 2.08 µM (n = 7) and 5.52 ± 3.66 µM (n = 7), respectively.

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“…During the electrophoretic process, sample ions migrate into the separation capillary, substitute the co-ions of the BGE and their concentrations adjust to the o value of the BGE electrolyte. This process is called adjustment of the concentrations and belongs to the well-known characteristics of ITP [22][23][24][25]. In case that an analyte is introduced at low concentration as a broad sample pulse, the adjustment of its concentration to that of the original BGE manifests itself as the accumulation of this analyte into a narrow band.…”

Section: The Concentration Of a Bge And Stacking Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

The preparation of background electrolytes in capillary zone electrophoresis: Golden rules and pitfalls

Beckers

Boček

2003

Electrophoresis

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In this article the methodology of the design of suitable background electrolytes (BGEs) in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is described. The principal aspects of the role of a BGE in CZE are discussed with respect to an appropiate migration behavior of analytes, including the transport of the electric current, the buffering of pH, the Joule heat, the electro-endosmotic flow (EOF) and the principal migration and detection modes. The impact of the composition of the BGE upon migration and detection is discussed. It is shown that the total concentration of the BGE is a principal factor and the adjustment of migrating analyte zones according to the Kohlrausch regulating function (KRF) is the principal effect in most of the sample stacking techniques. The number of co-ions and their properties are of key importance for peak shapes of the analyte peaks and for the existence of system zones. The detection of UV-transparent analytes may advanteously be done in the indirect UV mode, by using UV-absorbing co-ions, however, both peaks and dips may be expected in the UV trace in case of multiple co-ionic BGEs. Properties of BGEs can be predicted applying mathematical models and it is shown that with SystCharts, predictions can be given concerning the existence of system zones, detection modes and the peak shapes of analytes for a given BGE. Practical examples of methodological considerations are given in the design of suitable BGEs for four principal combinations of migration and detection modes. The properties of the BGEs selected are exemplified with experimental results. Golden rules are summarized for the preparation of suitable BGEs in CZE.

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Recent application and developments of capillary isotachophoresis

Cited by 50 publications

References 72 publications

System peaks in capillary zone electrophoresis What are they and where are they coming from?

System peaks in capillary zone electrophoresis What are they and where are they coming from?

On-column preconcentration of glutathione and glutathione disulfide using pH-mediated base stacking for the analysis of microdialysis samples by capillary electrophoresis

The preparation of background electrolytes in capillary zone electrophoresis: Golden rules and pitfalls

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