Recent advances of zwitterionic carboxybetaine materials and their derivatives

Abstract

Zwitterionic polycarboxybetaine (pCB)-based materials have drawn special attention due to their outstanding properties of resisting proteins adsorption, biofilm formation and cell attachment on a variety of substrates and surfaces, reducing the uptake of pCB-coated nanosized materials, as well as providing the capability of further functionalization. Zwitterionic pCBs have been proven to be excellent choices for many applications, not only limited to the field of antifouling. This review will summarize the recent progress on the development of pCB materials and the understanding of the structure-function-property relationships of carboxybetaine materials.

Revolutionary advances in 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymers as biomaterials

“…In addition, MPC and MPC polymers have been commercialized worldwide as reagents and as base of new polymer designs with even better performance or novel features. Recently, MPC polymer‐like zwitterionic polymers, such as those based on sulfobetaine and carboxybetaine, have been synthesized and evaluated as the potential for biomaterials . It is expected that continued research into polymer biomaterials will advance minimally invasive medical care and regenerative medicine in support of an aging society.…”

“…Recently, MPC polymer-like zwitterionic polymers, such as those based on sulfobetaine and carboxybetaine, have been synthesized and evaluated as the potential for biomaterials. 67,[123][124][125][126][127] It is expected that continued research into polymer biomaterials will advance minimally invasive medical care and regenerative medicine in support of an aging society.…”

A comparative in vitro study of the effect of biospecific integrin recognition processes and substrate nanostructure on stem cell 3D spheroid formation

“…CB has been used in a range of biotechnological applications, above all as cryoprotectant [8,9]. It has been suggested that this modified amino acid has the capacity to form hydrogen bonds with a range of organic and inorganic acids that are likely to be responsible for the ascertained CB properties in supporting the adhesion and proliferation of several types of cells [10][11][12].…”

Engineering surfaces using photopolymerization to improve cochlear implant materials

“…88 More recently, zwitterionic materials have emerged as an excellent alternative to PEGylation. 89,90 The term zwitterion comes from the German word zwitter meaning hybrid and the word ion. 91 A zwitterion describes a molecule composed of two or more functional groups of which at least one has a positive and one has a negative electrical charge, but the net charge of the entire molecule is zero (Figure 1.4).…”

“…This inherent antifouling characteristic has led to various studies including glucose sensing in 100% blood serum, 58,113 antigen detection in complex media, 115 and prolonging the blood circulation time of coated drugs 6 among others. 89,116 Zwitterionic polymers are not only able to achieve an ultra-low fouling surface, but they are capable of resisting the FBR in vivo. 80 This advantage makes zwitterion-based materials uniquely suited for applications that involve implantation and prolonged use in the body.…”