Recent advances of hollow-structured sulfur cathodes for lithium–sulfur batteries

Abstract

<p>This review summarises recent advances of hollow-structured sulfur cathodes for high performance lithium sulfur batteries, focusing on their synthesis, structure, electrochemical performance, advantages and challenges.</p>

Synergistic effect between PPy:PSS copolymers and biomass-derived activated carbons: a simple strategy for designing sustainable high-performance Li–S batteries

“…In recent decades, the need to progressively replace conventional fossil fuels with renewable energies and meet the enormous demand of new and sophisticated portable devices and electric vehicles has focused the attention of researchers on developing advanced rechargeable systems. [1][2][3][4] Among the different alternatives available, lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered the most promising candidate for the nextgeneration of energy storage systems due to the electrochemical reaction between the lithium metal anode and sulfur cathode that delivers a high theoretical capacity (1675 mA h g À1 ) and energy density ($2600 W h kg À1 ), which are much higher than that released by current Li-ion batteries (LIBs) based on LiCoO 2 in use, 274 mA h g À1 and $1000 W h kg À1 . [5][6][7] In addition to these key advantages for their development, sulfur is an abundant element, and both its cost and toxicity are lower than that of the Li-ion battery based on transition elements.…”

Carbon-Based Hybrid Interlayer to Anchor the Shuttling of Polysulfides for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

“…The activation of the micro-glass fiber mat can be confirmed from different functional groups confirmed by FTIR studies. These functional groups have a high chemical affinity toward the polysulfide because of their polar nature . The polar–polar interactions of silica present in the modified Py_Mgf separator helped in delivering better capacity.…”

“…The two oxidation peaks were observed at 2.39 and 3.4 V (C_IL), 2.28 and 2.42 V (Py_Mgf), and 2.51 and 2.6 V (BS). The first oxidation peak stands for the formation of thiosulfate groups as the intermediate product during the electrochemistry, 43 and the second peak stands for conversion of these groups into Li 2 S to S 8 . 44 The area under the curve varies, which was clearly observed from the current response of the cell.…”

“…These functional groups have a high chemical affinity toward the polysulfide because of their polar nature. 43 The polar−polar interactions of silica present in the modified Py_Mgf separator helped in delivering better capacity. As the volatile material of Py_Mgf decomposed, the voids between the fibers got increased, and the modified separator could not trap polysulfides into it.…”

A N-Rich porous carbon nanocube anchored with Co/Fe dual atoms: an efficient bifunctional catalytic host for Li–S batteries

“…[6][7][8][9][10] To be specific, the shuttling of high-order polysulfides, as is induced by dissolution/diffusion of soluble polysulfide species in the electrolyte, could lead to the irreversible loss of active S from the cathode and passivation of the Li-metal anode due to the continuous build-up of non-conductive species on the anode surface. [11][12][13][14] On the other hand, the sluggish reaction kinetics of insoluble Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S versus Li could invite the enrichment of non-conductive species on the surface of S particles, which impedes the in-depth reaction of S bulk particles. [15][16][17][18] As a result, the Li-S battery usually shows low specific capacity, poor rate performance in response to high current density, and more importantly, rapidly fading cycling performance.…”