Recent advances of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for therapy of bacterial infection

Abstract

The rapid evolution of antibiotic resistance and the complicated bacterial infection microenvironments are serious obstacles to traditional antibiotic therapy. Developing novel antibacterial agents or strategy to prevent the occurrence of antibiotic resistance and enhance antibacterial efficiency is of the utmost importance. Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CM-NPs) combine the characteristics of the naturally occurring membranes with those of the synthetic core materials. CM-NPs have shown considerable promise in neutralizing toxins, evading clearance by the immune system, targeting specific bacteria, delivering antibiotics, achieving responsive antibiotic released to the microenvironments, and eradicating biofilms. Additionally, CM-NPs can be utilized in conjunction with photodynamic, sonodynamic, and photothermal therapies. In this review, the process for preparing CM-NPs is briefly described. We focus on the functions and the recent advances in applications of several types of CM-NPs in bacterial infection, including CM-NPs derived from red blood cells, white blood cells, platelet, bacteria. CM-NPs derived from other cells, such as dendritic cells, genetically engineered cells, gastric epithelial cells and plant-derived extracellular vesicles are introduced as well. Finally, we place a novel perspective on CM-NPs’ applications in bacterial infection, and list the challenges encountered in this field from the preparation and application standpoint. We believe that advances in this technology will reduce threats posed by bacteria resistance and save lives from infectious diseases in the future.

Cell membrane-coated nanomaterials for cancer therapy

“…Moreover, long-term storage faces the potenticl for virus and pyrogen contamination, and the membrane protein may undergo immune reaction denaturation [ [254] , [255] , [256] ]. 3) Cells at different growth stages have different characteristics, and corresponding membrane and membrane proteins are also different, which may lead to batch-to-batch differences in the therapeutic effect of CMNPs [ 212 , 257 ]. 4) Membrane modifications used to enhance CMNPs may cause undesirable side effects.…”

“…Identification of useful proteins and removal of irrelevant proteins may improve the therapeutic of CMNPs [ 258 ]. In addition, the mechanism of CMNPs in vivo has not been fully clarified, and whether the interaction between NPs and cell membrane can change the conformation of molecules has not been confirmed in most studies [ 257 ]. 6) The complex transport mechanism of different CMNPs in vivo is not fully understood.…”

Cell membrane-coated biomimetic nanomedicines: productive cancer theranostic tools

“…As a result of these variances, there is the possibility of batch-to-batch variability in the therapeutic effectiveness of CMNPs. 20…”

“…Furthermore, CMNPs may be exploited in combination with sonodynamic, photodynamic, and photothermal treatments. 20 In the recent past, in a unique targeted carriage nanosystem developed using gold-silver nanocages (GSNCs) along with extracted macrophage membrane, GSNC core coated with pretreated macrophage membrane enhanced the accuracy of the nanosystem that targeted the cancer cell site. 21,22 To sum up, CMNPs are found to be a very good therapeutic alternative with useful biologically enhanced characteristics and the ability to combine with most valuable treatment elements, providing a means of eliminating tumor cells and their infections (Fig.…”

Supercharged precision killers: Genetically engineered biomimetic drugs of screened metalloantibiotics against Acinetobacter baumanni

“…In particular, the outer membrane is derived from an appropriate cell membrane type, serving to prolong blood circulation time, deliver drugs to the targeted sites, and perform disease treatments. Various categories of cell membranes, including red blood cell membranes, platelet membranes, macrophage membranes, bacterial membranes, and bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), have been extracted to carry out targeted antibacterial and anticancer treatments ( 32 , 33 ). However, these membrane structures normally lack the specific targeting ability to target MDRB such as A. baumannii .…”