Recent Advances in Toxicity Test Methods Using Kelp Gametophytes

Anderson, BS; Hunt, Jason W.; Piekarski, Witold

doi:10.1201/9780203747193-17

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Seaweeds species belonging to the order Laminariales (hereafter referred to as kelps) represent good candidates for toxicity tests as they grow throughout the year and have a large geographical distribution, including along the Mediterranean coast, the Atlantic coast of Europe, Australia, Argentina, and Mexico (Bolton 2010). The endpoints applied in bioassays using kelps include the initial step of the life cycle, germ tube length, gametophytes growth, and production of young sporophytes (Fang et al 1982, Lee et al 1989Anderson et al 1997;Lee and Kang 2002;Verlaque 2001;Burridge and Bidwell 2002;Myers et al 2006;Seery et al 2006;Selivanova et al 2007;Han et al 2011;Park et al 2016). In particular, the early life cycle of brown algae is considered to be excellent for evaluation because this stage is sensitive to a variety of toxic materials and the analysis requires relatively simple technical procedures (Burridge and Bidwell 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Toxicity testing of cosmetic ingredients using gametophyte beads of the brown alga Undaria pinnatifida (Laminariales, Phaeophyta)

Lee

Brown

et al. 2019

J Appl Phycol

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A 6-h toxicity test of cosmetic ingredients (methylparaben, 2-phenoxyethanol, sodium dodecyl sulfate, triethanolamine) was developed, based on the photosynthetic maximum quantum yield (F v /F m ) of immobilized gametophytes of the brown macroalga Undaria pinnatifida. From calculated EC 50 values, the toxicity ranking of the tested ingredients is: SDS (0.0060%) > MP (0.0634%) > 2-PE (0.2418%) > TEA (3.7023%). Compared to the results from conventional endpoints with other ecotoxicity test organisms, measurements of F v /F m is a more sensitive indicator of the toxic effects of cosmetic ingredients. The present technique is simple, rapid, practical, accurate, and requires little space to carry out. This novel method will be a useful tool for assessing the toxicity of a wide range of cosmetic ingredients once the respective sensitivities are fully established.

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