Phytotoxicity of the New Antifouling Compound Irgarol 1051 and a Major Degradation Product

Okamura, Hideo; Aoyama, Isao; Takami, Tohru; Maruyama, Toshiro; Suzuki, Yoshihiro; Matsumoto, Michiaki; Katsuyama, Ichiro; Hamada, Jin; Beppu, Toshio; Tanaka, Osamu; Maguire, R. James; Liu, D; Lau, Y. Lam; Pacepavicius, Grazina

doi:10.1016/s0025-326x(00)00020-5

Cited by 83 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Alternative biocides such as the s-triazine Irgarol 1051 (CIBA, Basel, Switzerland) have been used as replacements for the restricted use TBT. The environmental fate and phytotoxicity of Irgarol 1051 have been determined for several species of marine flora [75,76,115,116]. A 10-d median effective concentration value of 1.1 g/g (dry wt leaf biomass) has been reported for Z. marina [76].…”

Section: Antifoulant Paint Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonnutrient anthropogenic chemicals in seagrass ecosystems: Fate and effects

Lewis

Devereux

2009

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

119

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Abstract-Impacts of human-related chemicals, either alone or in combination with other stressors, are important to understand to prevent and reverse continuing worldwide seagrass declines. This review summarizes reported concentrations of anthropogenic chemicals in grass bed-associated surface waters, sediments, and plant tissues and phytotoxic concentrations. Fate information in seagrass-rooted sediments and overlying water is most available for trace metals. Toxicity results in aqueous exposures are available for at least 13 species and a variety of trace metals, pesticides, and petrochemicals. In contrast, results for chemical mixtures and chemicals in sediment matrices are uncommon. Contaminant bioaccumulation information is available for at least 23 species. The effects of plant age, tissue type, and time of collection have been commonly reported but not biological significance of the chemical residues. Experimental conditions have varied considerably in seagrass contaminant research and interspecific differences in chemical residues and chemical tolerances are common, which limits generalizations and extrapolations among species and chemicals. The few reported risk assessments have been usually local and limited to a few single chemicals and species representative of the south Australian and Mediterranean floras. Media-specific information describing exposure concentrations, toxic effect levels, and critical body burdens of common near-shore contaminants is needed for most species to support integrated risk assessments at multiple geographical scales and to evaluate the ability of numerical effects-based criteria to protect these marine angiosperms at risk.

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Section: Antifoulant Paint Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonnutrient anthropogenic chemicals in seagrass ecosystems: Fate and effects

Lewis

Devereux

2009

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

119

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“…However, alkylsulfides generated during the Grignard derivatization from elemental sulfur occurring in the sediment are not removed by this procedure. Alternatively, other desulfurization reagents such as tetrabutyl ammonium hydogensulfate and sodium sulfide have been successfully applied (Okamura et al, 2000). Florisil is a preferred adsorbent for biotic matrix with a high lipid content.…”

Section: An Overview Of Speciation Methods and Determination Techniqumentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation Methods for the Determination of Organotins (OTs) and Heavy Metals (MHs) in the Freshwater and Marine Environments

Ndibewu¹,

McCrindle²,

Mokgalaka³

2012

Environmental Health - Emerging Issues and Practice

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“…Furthermore, the EC 50 determined by the inhibition of phytoplankton growth is reported to be in the range of 0.0001 to 0.0023 mg L -1 . Irgarol 1051 is very toxic to seaweed, the germination and development of spores is inhibited in the range from 0.0006 to 0.0059 mg L -1 [30]. The chemical structure of Irgarol 1051 resembles that of triazine herbicide; therefore, it seems reasonable that Irgarol 1051 is remarkably more toxic to phytoplankton and seaweed, so-called aquatic vegetation, compared to marine animals such as crustaceans and fish species.…”

Section: Irgarol 1051mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity and Preliminary Risk Assessment of Alternative Antifouling Biocides to Aquatic Organisms

Yamada

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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Phytotoxicity of the New Antifouling Compound Irgarol 1051 and a Major Degradation Product

Cited by 83 publications

References 20 publications

Nonnutrient anthropogenic chemicals in seagrass ecosystems: Fate and effects

Nonnutrient anthropogenic chemicals in seagrass ecosystems: Fate and effects

Speciation Methods for the Determination of Organotins (OTs) and Heavy Metals (MHs) in the Freshwater and Marine Environments

Toxicity and Preliminary Risk Assessment of Alternative Antifouling Biocides to Aquatic Organisms

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