Recent advances in titanium-based electrode materials for stationary sodium-ion batteries

Guo, Shaohua; Yi, Jin; Sun, Yang; Zhou, Haoshen

doi:10.1039/c6ee01807f

Cited by 379 publications

(227 citation statements)

References 194 publications

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“…For bulk degradations, irreversible bulk phase transition and cracking are the two main failure mechanisms. This work not only deepens the understanding on dopant evolution but also offers a conceptually new approach by utilizing precipitation strengthening design to counter cracking related degradation and improve highvoltage cyclability of layered cathodes.Layer structured alkali transition metal oxides are an important group of cathode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), [1][2][3] sodium ion batteries (SIBs), [4][5][6] and potassium ion batteries A direct correlation between phase transition and cracking has been established in the P2 layered cathode for SIBs.…”

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Dopant Segregation Boosting High‐Voltage Cyclability of Layered Cathode for Sodium Ion Batteries

et al. 2019

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PIBs). [7,8] Either in the form of O3 structure, P2 structure or other else structures, their common similarity is the layer by layer stacking sequence of transition metal ions, oxygen ions, and alkaline ions. [9,10] Such a layered structure not only enables high-specific capacity but also favors the fast migration of alkaline ions due to the unique 2D diffusion pathway. Thus, layer structured LiCoO 2 , ternary NMC (LiNi x Mn y Co z O 2 , x + y + z = 1), and NCA (LiNi 0.85 Co 0.1 Al 0.05 O 2 ) have achieved great commercial success as high-performance cathode materials for LIBs. [11][12][13] Other layered cathode materials, such as Ni-rich NMC for LIBs [14,15] and Na-NMC layered cathodes for SIBs, are gaining increasing attentions. [12,16,17] One of the primary efforts on layered cathodes is further unlocking its capacity potential by narrowing the gap between the practical capacity and theoretical capacity. However, increasing the utilization of alkaline ions, usually by elevating the high-charge cutoff voltage, results in structural instability of the layered cathodes, due to aggravated surface/ interface chemical degradations and bulk degradations. [18][19][20] The surface/interface degradations are attributed to the chemical reactions between cathode and electrolyte, which leads to cathode surface phase transition, [21,22] active material dissolution, [23] passivation layer formation, [24] electrolyte consumption, [25] and so on. For bulk degradations, irreversible bulk phase transition and cracking are the two main failure mechanisms. At high state of charge, phase transition not only destructs the active layered structure but also introduces substantial volume changes causing mechanical failures. A direct correlation between phase transition and cracking has been established in the P2 layered cathode for SIBs. [26] Cleavage along layered planes leads to the typical intragranular cracking for many layered cathodes, which has been frequently observed after high-voltage cycling. [26][27][28] The detrimental effects of cracking include fracture caused disintegration, [28] which leads to poor electronic conduction [29,30] and loss of active materials, and new surfaces exposure to electrolyte which results in cathode surface degradation [31][32][33] and electrolyte consumption. In addition, high density of intragranular cracks also plagues battery thermal stability and safety. [27] Doping electrochemically inactive elements has been verified as an effective method to improve the electrochemical performance of layered cathodes. [34,35] Dopants can play multiroles in engineering bulk material, such as eliminating unwanted As a widely used approach to modify a material's bulk properties, doping can effectively improve electrochemical properties and structural stability of various cathodes for rechargeable batteries, which usually empirically favors a uniform distribution of dopants. It is reported that dopant aggregation effectively boosts the cyclability of a Mg-doped P2-type layered cathode (Na 0.67 Ni 0.33 Mn 0.6...

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confidence: 99%

“…Layer structured alkali transition metal oxides are an important group of cathode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), [1][2][3] sodium ion batteries (SIBs), [4][5][6] and potassium ion batteries…”

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confidence: 99%

Dopant Segregation Boosting High‐Voltage Cyclability of Layered Cathode for Sodium Ion Batteries

et al. 2019

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“…Titanium-based materials, a cost effective, structurally stable and sustainable material, is considered to be promising Na-storage anode1415. Among various polymorphs of Ti-based anode materials, anatase TiO 2 exhibit much better electrochemical performances owning to the three dimensional open structure, which is favorable for the Na + transport and storage16.…”

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Glycol Derived Carbon- TiO2 as Low Cost and High Performance Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Tao

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Carbon coated TiO2 (TiO2@C) is fabricated by a convenient and green one-pot solvothermal method, in which ethylene glycol serve as both the reaction medium and carbon source without the addition of any other carbon additives. During the solvothermal process, ethylene glycol polymerize and coordinate with Ti4+ to form the polymeric ligand precursor, then the polymer brushes carbonize and convert to homogeneous carbon layer firmly anchored on the TiO2 nanoparticles (~1 nm thickness). The polymerization and carbonization process of the ethylene glycol is confirmed by FT-IR, Raman, TG and TEM characterizations. Benefiting from the well-dispersed nanoparticles and uniform carbon coating, the as-prepared TiO2@C demonstrate a high reversible capacity of 317 mAh g−1 (94.6% of theoretical value), remarkable rate capability of 125 mAh g−1 at 3.2 A g−1 and superior cycling stability over 500 cycles, possibly being one of the highest capacities reported for TiO2.

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“…Note that it is difficult for SIBs to bypass LIBs in terms of energy densities because of the much higher weight of Na and lower standard electrochemical potential. [7][8][9][10] Nevertheless, the use of low-cost materials, including inexpensive Na-based raw materials and Al current collectors for both cathodes and anodes in SIBs, could significantly reduce the cost. In this case, SIBs could be applied where cost-effectiveness rather than energy density is the most critical issue, e.g., in the field of large-scale EES.…”

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Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Phase Transition, Air Stability, and Performance

Wang

You

Yin

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

572

448

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sources into large-scale grids, inexpensive, efficient, and fast-responding electrical energy storage (EES) systems are essential to store the off-peak energy and releasing the stored energy during the onpeak period. Among various EES systems, rechargeable batteries represent one of the most competitive technologies because of their high conversion efficiency and environmental friendliness. [1][2][3][4] For stationary EES systems, batteries with low cost, high safety, high rate capability, and long cycle stability are highly desired.Lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIBs) have achieved great success in the market of portable electronics and electric vehicles since their commercialization by Sony Company in 1991. However, the shortage of Li resources in nature gives rise to a concern about its sustainable development in grid scale. Compared with Li, sodium resource has rich natural abundance in the earth crust and a worldwide distribution, consequently leading to a low price of sodium-based raw materials (e.g., the cost of Na 2 CO 3 is about 25-30 times lower than that of Li 2 CO 3 ). Besides, sodium has a suitable redox potential (E 0 (Na + /Na) = −2.71 V versus standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), 0.3 V above that of Li + /Li) and similar physical and chemical properties with lithium. [5,6] Therefore, rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), which have a similar "rockingchair" working principle of LIBs, are emerging as an appealing choice as alternatives for LIBs. Note that it is difficult for SIBs to bypass LIBs in terms of energy densities because of the much higher weight of Na and lower standard electrochemical potential. [7][8][9][10] Nevertheless, the use of low-cost materials, including inexpensive Na-based raw materials and Al current collectors for both cathodes and anodes in SIBs, could significantly reduce the cost. In this case, SIBs could be applied where cost-effectiveness rather than energy density is the most critical issue, e.g., in the field of large-scale EES. As a result, sodiumbased electroactive materials are enjoying renewed interest especially for very low cost systems for grid storage. [11,12] Given that cathode materials are the key component that determines energy density and cost, tremendous efforts have been devoted to exploring suitable positive electrode materials with high reversible capacity, rapid Na ions insertion/extraction, and good cycling stability in the past few years. [13,14] A broad range of compounds, including layered oxides, polyanionic frameworks, hexacyanoferrates, and organics, haveThe increasing demand for replacing conventional fossil fuels with clean energy or economical and sustainable energy storage drives better battery research today. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as a promising alternative for grid-scale storage applications due to their similar "rockingchair" sodium storage mechanism to lithium-ion batteries, the natural abundance, and the low cost of Na resources. Searching for appropriate electrode materials with acceptable electrochemical perfor...

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Recent advances in titanium-based electrode materials for stationary sodium-ion batteries

Abstract: This article presents a comprehensive and critical review on the recent progress of titanium-based electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries.

Cited by 379 publications

References 194 publications

Dopant Segregation Boosting High‐Voltage Cyclability of Layered Cathode for Sodium Ion Batteries

Dopant Segregation Boosting High‐Voltage Cyclability of Layered Cathode for Sodium Ion Batteries

Glycol Derived Carbon- TiO2 as Low Cost and High Performance Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Phase Transition, Air Stability, and Performance

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