Glycol Derived Carbon- TiO2 as Low Cost and High Performance Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Carbon coated TiO2 (TiO2@C) is fabricated by a convenient and green one-pot solvothermal method, in which ethylene glycol serve as both the reaction medium and carbon source without the addition of any other carbon additives. During the solvothermal process, ethylene glycol polymerize and coordinate with Ti4+ to form the polymeric ligand precursor, then the polymer brushes carbonize and convert to homogeneous carbon layer firmly anchored on the TiO2 nanoparticles (~1 nm thickness). The polymerization and carbonization process of the ethylene glycol is confirmed by FT-IR, Raman, TG and TEM characterizations. Benefiting from the well-dispersed nanoparticles and uniform carbon coating, the as-prepared TiO2@C demonstrate a high reversible capacity of 317 mAh g−1 (94.6% of theoretical value), remarkable rate capability of 125 mAh g−1 at 3.2 A g−1 and superior cycling stability over 500 cycles, possibly being one of the highest capacities reported for TiO2.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of FeOOH and Fe2O3 Modified Self-Organizing Immobilized TiO2 Nanotubes for Photocatalytic Degradation of 1H-Benzotriazole

“…The foundation was set by Fujishima [1] in 1972 for their research on water splitting based only on irradiating the TiO 2 electrode with UV light. Large interest in TiO 2 is derived from its high stability, low industrial cost and abundance, high biocompatibility and simple synthesis procedures [2][3][4]. With the combination of rising awareness towards human environmental impact, research was initiated towards efficient and cheap materials to be used in air [5] and water [6] purification treatments.…”

Understanding the Behavior and Mechanism of Oxygen-Deficient Anatase TiO2 toward Sodium Storage

“…Both the poor electronic (as aforementioned) and ionic conductivities lead to slow kinetics of reversible sodium storage in anatase TiO 2 . To address this problem, many efforts have been made, including design of nanostructured anatase TiO 2 , , incorporation of electronic conductive materials, defect introduction, and so forth . Among them, defect introduction via generating oxygen vacancy and introducing heteroatoms has been proved to be an effective strategy to improve the sodium storage performance because the electronic conductivity , and ionic diffusion kinetics can be enhanced …”

Effect of Vinylene Carbonate Electrolyte Additive on the Surface Chemistry and Pseudocapacitive Sodium-Ion Storage of TiO2 Nanosheet Anodes

“…TiO2 nanosheets were synthesized through a solvothermal method. [48] In a typical synthesis, 4 mL of deionized water and 20% aqueous TiCl3 (99.99%, Acros Organics) each…”

“…TiO 2 nanosheets were synthesized through a solvothermal method [48]. In a typical synthesis, 4 mL of deionized water and 20% aqueous TiCl 3 (99.99%, Acros Organics) each were added dropwise in 50 mL of ethylene glycol (99.99%, Fisher Scientific) under continuous stirring.…”

“…Hierarchical TiO 2 nanosheets composed of anatase and bronze nanocrystallites were synthesized through a solvothermal method, followed by controlled heat treatment. Ethylene glycol was used as solvent to facilitate nanosheet formation through the interaction of OH groups of glycol with Ti-OH groups [48,49]. This resulted in the free energy change of the TiO 2 crystallographic planes and an associated anisotropic crystal growth [29,49].…”