Recent advances in theoretical models of respiratory mechanics

Huo, Bo; Fu, R. R.

doi:10.1007/s10409-012-0024-8

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Prognosis of COPD is worsened with underlying respiratory failures, adding greatly to the cost of treating the disease [ 29 , 30 ]. Research into the condition using animal models of lung injury and in vitro experiments have failed to show a clear way forward, and large-scale clinical trials to monitor long-term effects in this fragile population are not possible [ 31 , 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Computer simulations [ 6 , 32 ] offer a potentially powerful alternative platform for research into the development of new treatment strategies, but no previous studies have been able to demonstrate adequate matching to the particular disease characteristics of COPD. In this study, we have described a computer simulation model that can accurately simulate an individual COPD patient receiving MV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Can computer simulators accurately represent the pathophysiology of individual COPD patients?

Wang

Das

Ali

et al. 2014

ICMx

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BackgroundComputer simulation models could play a key role in developing novel therapeutic strategies for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) if they can be shown to accurately represent the pathophysiological characteristics of individual patients.MethodsWe evaluated the capability of a computational simulator to reproduce the heterogeneous effects of COPD on alveolar mechanics as captured in a number of different patient datasets.ResultsOur results show that accurately representing the pathophysiology of individual COPD patients necessitates the use of simulation models with large numbers (up to 200) of compartments for gas exchange. The tuning of such complex simulation models ‘by hand’ to match patient data is not feasible, and thus we present an automated approach based on the use of global optimization algorithms and high-performance computing. Using this approach, we are able to achieve extremely close matches between the simulator and a range of patient data including PaO2, PaCO2, pulmonary deadspace fraction, pulmonary shunt fraction, and ventilation/perfusion (V̇/Q) curves. Using the simulator, we computed combinations of ventilator settings that optimally manage the trade-off between ensuring adequate gas exchange and minimizing the risk of ventilator-associated lung injury for an individual COPD patient.ConclusionsOur results significantly strengthen the credibility of computer simulation models as research tools for the development of novel management protocols in COPD and other pulmonary disease states.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40635-014-0023-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can computer simulators accurately represent the pathophysiology of individual COPD patients?

Wang

Das

Ali

et al. 2014

ICMx

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“…23,33 Graphene GBs have been studied both experimentally 23,34 and theoretically 35,36 and shown to significantly degrade many properties of graphene, such as electrical transport 37 and thermal conductivity. [38][39][40] Several investigations perform defect engineering to modulate the thermal conductivity by tuning GB defect density, 38,41,42 GB energy, 43 and material size. 44,45 Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal that different symmetric tilt GBs exhibit an anomalous expansion in thermal conductivity along GBs of bicrystalline graphene nanoribbons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aiming to address this gap, in the present study, we investigate the thermal conductivity (k) of graphene GBs for all possible tilt GB misorientation angles (23 cases) under arbitrary in-plane thermal loading directions, using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) 22,41,46,47 simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal conductivity of graphene grain boundaries along arbitrary in-plane directions: A comprehensive molecular dynamics study

Fox

Ray

2018

Journal of Applied Physics

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The thermal conductivity of polycrystalline graphene is expected to be lower than that of pristine graphene, due to the existence of defects, such as grain boundaries (GBs). To study the thermal transport behavior in polycrystalline graphene, it is crucial to understand the thermal conductivity of graphene GBs as a function of the tilt GB misorientation angle and in-plane thermal loading angle. However, existing studies of thermal conductivity of graphene GBs only consider the case where the thermal flux is perpendicular or parallel to the graphene GB. To address this issue, here we perform systematic non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and investigate the thermal conductivity of graphene GBs for all possible tilt GB misorientation angles (23 cases) under arbitrary in-plane thermal loading directions. The findings from the present study can offer quantitative guidance for using polycrystalline graphene in thermal devices and flexible electronics applications.

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“…Huo and Fu [ 1 ] reported about the advances that have taken place in clinical technologies, in the field of respiratory mechanics, exchange of gas in lungs, and so forth. Lykoudis and Roos [ 2 ] studied the mechanics of the duct with an inserted catheter by considering a moving peristaltic wave on the stationary cylinder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Polar Fluid Model for Blood Flow through a Tapered Artery with Overlapping Stenosis: Effects of Catheter and Velocity Slip

Reddy

Srikanth

2015

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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The blood flow through an overlapping clogged tapered artery in the presence of catheter is discussed. Since cholesterol deposition is resulting in the stenosis formation, velocity slip at the arterial wall is considered. The equations governing the fluid flow have been solved analytically under the assumption of the mild stenosis. The analysis with respect to various parameters arising out of fluid and geometry considered, on physiological parameters such as impedance and wall shear stress at the maximum height of the stenosis as well as across the entire length of the stenosis has been reported. A table summarizing the locations of extreme heights and the corresponding annular radii is provided. It is observed that the wall shear stress is the same at both the locations corresponding to the maximum height of the stenosis in case of nontapered artery while it varies in case of tapered artery. It is also observed that slip velocity and diverging tapered artery facilitate the fluid flow. Shear stress at the wall is increasing as micropolar parameter is decreasing and the trend is reversed in case of coupling number. The results obtained are validated by comparing them with the experimental and theoretical results.

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Recent advances in theoretical models of respiratory mechanics

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Can computer simulators accurately represent the pathophysiology of individual COPD patients?

Can computer simulators accurately represent the pathophysiology of individual COPD patients?

Thermal conductivity of graphene grain boundaries along arbitrary in-plane directions: A comprehensive molecular dynamics study

The Polar Fluid Model for Blood Flow through a Tapered Artery with Overlapping Stenosis: Effects of Catheter and Velocity Slip

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