Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Perimidines and their Applications

Abstract

Perimidines are versatile scaffolds and a fascinating class of N-heterocycles that have evolved significantly in recent years due to their immense applications in life sciences, medical sciences, and industrial chemistry. Their ability of molecular interaction with different proteins, complex formation with metals, and distinct behavior in various ranges of light makes them more appealing and challenging for future scientists. Various novel technologies have been developed for the selective synthesis of perimidines and their conjugated derivatives. These methods extend to the preparation of different bioactive and industrially applicable molecules. This review aims to present the most recent advancements in perimidine synthesis under varied conditions like MW radiation, ultrasound, and grinding using different catalysts such as ionic liquids, acid, metal, and nanocatalyst and also under green environments like catalyst and solvent-free synthesis. The applications of perimidine derivatives in drug discovery, polymer chemistry, photo sensors, dye industries, and catalytic activity in organic synthesis are discussed in this survey. This article is expected to be a systematic, authoritative, and critical review on the chemistry of perimidines that compiles most of the state-of-art innovation in this area.

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Quinazolines and Quinazolinones: An Overview

“…Although the aforementioned reactions are considered as the most important transition-metal catalyses, a plethora of vital reactions can be effectively catalyzed by various transition metals including reductive elimination, oxidative addition, and transmetallation. Transition metal catalysis has also found extensive applications in the convenient and efficient synthesis of a wide variety of heterocyclic systems (Ma et al, 2017 ; Ramanathan and Liu, 2017 ; Tiwari and Bhanage, 2017 ; Chatterjee et al, 2018 ; Saikia et al, 2018 ; Chen et al, 2020 ; Debabrata et al, 2020 ; Ghosh et al, 2020 ; Janardhanan et al, 2020 ; Jiang et al, 2020 ; Kanwal et al, 2020 ; Kojima and Matsunaga, 2020 ; Li and Zhang, 2020 ; Nagata and Obora, 2020 ; Neto and Zeni, 2020a , b ; Pal et al, 2020 ; Ratmanova et al, 2020 ; Sahiba and Agarwal, 2020 ; Sonawane et al, 2020 ; Xuan et al, 2020 ). However, the literature survey revealed only an example of zinc (Shi et al, 2004 ), a limited number of iron-catalyzed (Melvin et al, 1992 ; Valderrama et al, 1999 ; Kanth et al, 2006 ; Yin et al, 2012 ; Gopalaiah et al, 2017 , 2019 ; Raut and Bhanage, 2017 ; Eidi et al, 2018 ), and relatively more copper-catalyzed reactions, leading to the synthesis of quinazoline and quinazolinone derivatives (Melvin et al, 1992 ; Chatterjee et al, 2018 ; Potuganti et al, 2018 ; Liang et al, 2019 ; Rodrigues et al, 2019 ; Donthiboina et al, 2020 ).…”

A Panchromatic Cyclometalated Iridium Dye Based on 2-Thienyl-Perimidine

“…The charge transfer between these fragments of the molecule induces intensive low-energy absorption (ε ~ 10 3 M −1 cm −1 ) in the visible spectral range and determines bright yellow color of perimidines. The ability of perimidines to change drastically their color upon the variation of electron-donating/-withdrawing substituents in the position 2 [ 17 ] in combination with their strong π-electron donating properties [ 18 ] make them suitable “antenna” ligands for the design of stable light-harvesting cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes for application in solar cells and photocatalysis. Surprisingly, only few perimidines served as ligands in coordination compounds [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], among which there were no examples of C^N-cyclometalated complexes [ 23 ].…”

Acridine‐1,8‐diones: Synthesis and Biological Applications

“…Owning to this, a detailed discussion is a demand of present era to demonstrate the huge expansion and state-of-art innovation on this field. Motivated by the aforesaid outcomes and in continuation of our interest in the N-heterocyclic scaffolds studies, [33][34][35][36][37] a comprehensive and systematic review article on acridine-1,8-dione's synthetic pathways and bio-applicability from 1980's to date has been written by our research group which divulges their utility as a potent pharmacophore for the treatment of different ailments and also enlighten their current propersity in diverse areas. Firstly, we have recapitulated synthetic methodologies of acridinediones via varied routes like use of different catalysts, acid, metal, nano-catalyst, ionic-liquid, deep eutectic solvent applying conventional heating, stirring, microwave-irradiation (MWI), ultrasound (US) and other energy sources.…”