Recent advances in the regulation of pancreatic secretion

Abstract

Purpose of review This review highlights recent progress made in the field of pancreatic secretion. Significant findings This review summarizes a number of recent studies demonstrating the intracellular pathways by which hormones and neural inputs regulate pancreatic exocrine and endocrine secretion. In particular, the effects of VIP and secretin on intra-acinar cell cAMP are explored. Considerable attention is paid to regulation of β-cell function and includes studies detailing the mechanisms of regulation of insulin by somatostatin, serotonin, and melanocortins. These studies emphasize the critical role that hormonal, paracrine, and neural factors play in glucose homeostasis. Summary Exocrine and endocrine pancreatic secretions are regulated by hormonal and neural mechanisms and understanding these pathways will enable the discovery and design of new and improved therapies for prevention and control of diabetes and perhaps exocrine insufficiency.

Intrapancreatic Ganglia and Neural Regulation of Pancreatic Endocrine Secretion

“…Vagus nerve fibers pass through the hiatus of the esophagus into the abdomen and are divided into five distinct branches that subsequently innervate different organs. The vagus nerve fibers that innervate the pancreas include the hepatic and bilateral gastric branches (primary), and bilateral celiac branches (secondary) (Niebergall-Roth and Singer, 2001; Love et al, 2007; Chandra and Liddle, 2014).…”

Fisiologia das Secreções Salivares e Gastrintestinais

“…A porção endócrina é composta por células organizadas em ilhotas que estão espalhadas por toda a glândula. Tais ilhotas possuem células alfa produtoras de glucagon; células beta, responsáveis pela secreção de insulina; células delta que liberam somatostatina; e células PP, que produzem o polipeptídeo pancreático LIDDLE, 2009LIDDLE, , 2014. A porção exócrina, em contrapartida, secreta principalmente enzimas digestivas e grandes volumes de solução de bicarbonato de sódio, no intestino delgado (GUYTON; HALL, 2011; CHANDRA; LIDDLE, 2014).…”

Modeling the effect of the cephalic phase of insulin secretion on glucose metabolism

“…Evidence of its contribution on glucose regulation dates back to the work of the physiologist Claude Bernard, who for the first time showed a causal relationship between brain stimulation of the fourth ventricle in the hindbrain and an increase in plasma glucose levels [ 13 ]. Latter research in the field strengthened this evidence by bringing to light the mechanisms that underlie this neural control of glucose homeostasis [ 17 , 27 , 35 , 41 , 42 ]. However, these findings are just at the beginning of our understanding because most of the neural action schemes are still unknown [ 27 ].…”