Intrapancreatic Ganglia and Neural Regulation of Pancreatic Endocrine Secretion

Li, Wenjing; Yu, Guangjiao; Liu, Yudan; Sha, Lei

doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00021

Cited by 50 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(191 reference statements)

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“…The nerve fibers of the SNS are derived from the lateral horn of the spinal cord whilst PSNS fibers originate from the brainstem (Fig. 2) [28][29][30][31]. A rich nerve network facilitates peripheral nerve invasion by cancer cells.…”

Section: Innervation and Neurotransmittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SNS innervation of the liver and pancreas is derived from the lateral horn of the spinal cord (liverT7-T12, pancreas C8-L3) across through sympathetic chain primarily via the splanchnic nerve to prevertebral ganglia including the celia and superior ganglion entering hepatic plexus. The PSNS supporting the liver and pancreas originates from the brainstem (dorsal motor nucleus of the n. vagus in the medulla) and activates parasympathetic postganglionic neurons in the liver or the pancreatic ganglia [28][29][30][31]. model only after recent onset of the disease.…”

Section: Nerve Growth Factor (Ngf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nerve fibers in the tumor microenvironment in neurotropic cancer—pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma

et al. 2020

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are both deadly cancers and they share many biological features besides their close anatomical location. One of the main histological features is neurotropism, which results in frequent perineural invasion. The underlying mechanism of cancer cells favoring growth by and through the nerve fibers is not fully understood. In this review, we provide knowledge of these cancers with frequent perineural invasion. We discuss nerve fiber crosstalk with the main different components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), the immune cells, and the fibroblasts. Also, we discuss the crosstalk between the nerve fibers and the cancer. We highlight the shared signaling pathways of the mechanisms behind perineural invasion in PDAC and CCA. Hereby we have focussed on signaling neurotransmitters and neuropeptides which may be a target for future therapies. Furthermore, we have summarized retrospective results of the previous literature about nerve fibers in PDAC and CCA patients. We provide our point of view in the potential for nerve fibers to be used as powerful biomarker for prognosis, as a tool to stratify patients for therapy or as a target in a (combination) therapy. Taking the presence of nerves into account can potentially change the field of personalized care in these neurotropic cancers.

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Section: Innervation and Neurotransmittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nerve Growth Factor (Ngf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nerve fibers in the tumor microenvironment in neurotropic cancer—pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma

et al. 2020

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“…Thus, intrinsic neurons in pancreatic ganglia represent neuronal hubs that integrate multimodal extrinsic neuronal input and send an integrated message throughout the pancreas primarily via unmyelinated cholinergic projections ( Figure 2 ). The histological and electrophysiological properties of pancreatic ganglia and their responsiveness to neurotransmitters, endocrine, and paracrine substances have been studied thoroughly [for a review, see ( 3 , 5 , 6 )].…”

Section: Structural and Functional Features Of Pancreatic Innervationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the details of pancreatic innervation have been reviewed elsewhere (3)(4)(5)(6)(7), here we briefly go over some structural and functional features of innervation relevant for imaging, with an emphasis on neuroanatomical circuitry and neuronal phenotypes. The most intuitive way to segregate pancreatic innervation for practical imaging purposes is by the location of the neuronal soma: inside (intrinsic) or outside (extrinsic) of the pancreas (Figure 1).…”

Section: Structural and Functional Features Of Pancreatic Innervationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Imaging of Pancreatic Innervation

Makhmutova

Caicedo

2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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At the time of Ivan Pavlov, pancreatic innervation was studied by looking at pancreas secretions in response to electrical stimulation of nerves. Nowadays we have ways to visualize neuronal activity in real time thanks to advances in fluorescent reporters and imaging techniques. We also have very precise optogenetic and pharmacogenetic approaches that allow neuronal manipulations in a very specific manner. These technological advances have been extensively employed for studying the central nervous system and are just beginning to be incorporated for studying visceral innervation. Pancreatic innervation is complex, and the role it plays in physiology and pathophysiology of the organ is still not fully understood. In this review we highlight anatomical aspects of pancreatic innervation, techniques for pancreatic neuronal labeling, and approaches for imaging pancreatic innervation in vitro and in vivo.

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“…Parasympathetic preganglionic nerve fibers running as a component of the vagal nerve reach the pancreatic ganglia, and then, as postganglionic fibers, these parasympathetic fibers innervate the pancreatic acini. The myelinated axons of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons, located in the lateral horn of the thoracic and the upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord, project to ganglionic cells in the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia or to the celiac and mesenteric ganglia via the splanchnic nerves and then supply the pancreas as postganglionic fibers [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinergic and adrenergic innervation of the pancreas in chinchilla (Chinchilla Laniger Molina)

Radzimirska

Kuchinka

Nowak

et al. 2020

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Introduction. Cholinergic and adrenergic innervation of the pancreas in chinchilla (Chinchilla Laniger Molina) was examined in this study. The pancreas is both an exocrine and endocrine gland with autonomic and sensory innervation presented by the numerous nerve fibers and small agglomerations of nerve cells. Material and methods. Investigations were performed on 16 adult chinchillas of both sexes. The material was collected immediately after death of the animals. Histochemical methods: AChE and SPG were used, in addition to routine technique of single and double immunohistochemical (IHC) staining using whole mount specimens and freezing sections with a thickness of 8 to 12 μm. In the immunofluorescence staining, primary antibodies directed against markers used to identify cholinergic -ChAT and VAChT, and adrenergic -DbH and TH neurons. Secondary antibodies were coupled to Alexa Fluor 488 and Alexa Fluor 555 fluorophores. Results. Histochemical studies (AChE) revealed that chinchilla pancreatic cholinergic innervation consisted of ganglionic neurocytes and numerous nerve fibers. These structures are located in the parenchyma of the exocrine part of the organ in close proximity to blood vessels and are present within the walls of the pancreatic ducts and interstitial connective tissue. A delicate fiber network around the Langerhans islets was also observed. The most numerous cholinergic structures were found in the head and tail, and the least numbers were found in the body of the pancreas. The SPG method revealed that adrenergic fibers form a network in the adventitia of blood vessels, and individual fibers run throughout the pancreatic parenchyma. Moreover, adrenergic nerve fibers were observed around the ganglionic neurocytes. This innervation was similar in all parts of the investigated organ. IHC investigations allowed observations of both the cholinergic and adrenergic activities of autonomic nerve structures. Additionally, using ChAT/DbH double staining, colocalization of these substances was observed in the fibers of the pancreatic parenchyma that passed through the cholinergic ganglia. Colocalization of VAChT and TH was found in nerve fibers of the exocrine part, in the walls of blood vessels, and in individual nerve cells. Colocalization of ChAT/DbH and VAChT/TH was observed in the single nerve cells and in the small (2-3 cell) ganglia. ChAT-and DbH-immunopositive nerve fibers were found in the area of the islets of Langerhans. Conclusions.The results indicate a more intense cholinergic innervation of the chinchilla's pancreas, which is represented by both ganglia and nerve fibers, while adrenergic structures are mainly represented by fibers and only single neurocytes. This arrangement of the investigated structures in this species may imply a major role for hormonal control of exocrine secretion in rodents.

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Intrapancreatic Ganglia and Neural Regulation of Pancreatic Endocrine Secretion

Cited by 50 publications

References 91 publications

Nerve fibers in the tumor microenvironment in neurotropic cancer—pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma

Nerve fibers in the tumor microenvironment in neurotropic cancer—pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma

Optical Imaging of Pancreatic Innervation

Cholinergic and adrenergic innervation of the pancreas in chinchilla (Chinchilla Laniger Molina)

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