Recent Advances in the Metagenomics of Marine Mammals Microbiome

Shekar, Malathi; Poriya, Paresh; Nathani, Neelam M.; Maran, Balu Alagar Venmathi; Gadhvi, I. R.

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5050-3_18

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…To date, the majority of marine mammal microbiome studies have focused on the detection and analysis of pathogens, rather than characterization of their commensal bacteria. 19–22 These surveys have identified a wide array ofbacterial pathogens that are also important in human disease, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA), 20 suggesting that marine mammals face similar infection risks to humans. Sampling the intestinal microbiota of four different marine mammal species (harbor porpoise, harbor seal, California sea lion and common dolphin) led to the creation of a library ofbacterial isolates that were evaluated for their antibiotic properties against a panel of pathogenic bacteria.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Marine mammals with extensive global migration patterns are exposed to drastic changes in the environment and also possess increased diversity in microbial community structure compared with nonmigratory species. , Interestingly, 70% of the near full-length sequences obtained from cetaceans were significantly distinct by 16S rRNA sequencing compared to published sequences in the NCBI database, indicating that these animals possess unique microbial community structures. To date, the majority of marine mammal microbiome studies have focused on the detection and analysis of pathogens, rather than characterization of their commensal bacteria. − These surveys have identified a wide array of bacterial pathogens that are also important in human disease, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA), suggesting that marine mammals face similar infection risks to humans. Sampling the intestinal microbiota of four different marine mammal species (harbor porpoise, harbor seal, California sea lion, and common dolphin) led to the creation of a library of bacterial isolates that were evaluated for their antibiotic properties against a panel of pathogenic bacteria.…”

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Marine Mammal Microbiota Yields Novel Antibiotic with Potent Activity Against Clostridium difficile

et al. 2017

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The recent explosion of research on the microbiota has highlighted the important interplay between commensal microorganisms and the health of their cognate hosts. Metabolites isolated from commensal bacteria have been demonstrated to possess a range of antimicrobial activities, and it is widely believed that some of these metabolites modulate host behavior, affecting predisposition to disease and pathogen invasion. Our access to the local marine mammal stranding network and previous successes in mining the fish microbiota poised us to test the hypothesis that the marine mammal microbiota is a novel source of commensal bacteria-produced bioactive metabolites. Examination of intestinal contents from five marine mammals led to the identification of a Micromonospora strain with potent and selective activity against a panel of Gram-positive pathogens and no discernible human cytotoxicity. Compound isolation afforded a new complex glycosylated polyketide, phocoenamicin, with potent activity against the intestinal pathogen Clostridium difficile, an organism challenging to treat in hospital settings. Use of our activity-profiling platform, BioMAP, clustered this metabolite with other known ionophore antibiotics. Fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry confirmed that phocoenamicin is capable of shifting membrane potential without damaging membrane integrity. Thus, exploration of gut microbiota in hosts from diverse environments can serve as a powerful strategy for the discovery of novel antibiotics against human pathogens.

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Marine Mammal Microbiota Yields Novel Antibiotic with Potent Activity Against Clostridium difficile

et al. 2017

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“…Microbiota broadly affects the growth and development of aquatic mammals, playing a role in nutrition, immunity, health, etc ( Sanders et al, 2015 ; Mootapally et al, 2017 ; Di Guardo et al, 2019 ). In the more extensive study of marine mammals, researchers describe in detail the microbial composition and structure of different body sites of various marine mammals.…”

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The bacteria of Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) are site-specific and distinct from freshwater environment

et al. 2022

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Bacteria play an essential role in the health of marine mammals, and the bacteria of marine mammals are widely concerned, but less is known about freshwater mammals. In this study, we investigated the bacteria of various body sites of Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) and analyzed their association with freshwater environmental bacteria. The bacterial community and function of Yangtze finless porpoise showed apparent site-specificity. Various body sites have distinct differences in bacteria and have their dominant bacteria. Romboutsia, Plesiomonas, Actinobacillus, Candidatus Arthromitus dominated in the intestine (fecal and rectal samples). Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, and Acinetobacter dominated in the oral. The dominant genera in the blowhole include Suttonella, Psychrobacter, and two uncultured genera. Psychrobacter, Flavobacterium, and Acinetobacter were dominant in the skin. The alpha diversity of intestinal (fecal and rectal) bacteria was the lowest, while that of skin was the highest. The oral and skin bacteria of Yangtze finless porpoise significantly differed between the natural and semi-natural conditions, but no sex difference was observed. A clear boundary was found between the animal and the freshwater environmental bacteria. Even the skin bacteria, which are more affected by the environment, are significantly different from the environmental bacteria and harbor indigenous bacteria. Our results provide a comprehensive preliminary exploration of the bacteria of Yangtze finless porpoise and its association with bacteria in the freshwater environment.

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“…In various environments, it is known that the risk of animal disease increases in degraded or disturbed environments [ 5 ]. As microbiota analysis is fast becoming more precise and less costly, it can be considered a rather proactive, as opposed to reactive, conservation-assisting practice, which is more appropriate for the stable, long-term monitoring of ecosystem health (e.g., Mootapally et al [ 6 ], Glasl et al [ 7 ]). Recently, microbiome science has been credited with having predictive potency for evolutionary processes of macroorganisms [ 8 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Midgut Bacterial Microbiota of 12 Fish Species from a Marine Protected Area in the Aegean Sea (Greece)

et al. 2022

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Fish microbiome science is progressing fast, but it is biased toward farmed or laboratory fish species against natural fish populations, which remain considerably underinvestigated. We analyzed the midgut bacterial microbiota of 45 specimens of 12 fish species collected from the Gyaros Island marine protected area (Aegean Sea, Greece). The species belong to seven taxonomic families and are either herbivores or omnivores. Mucosa midgut bacterial diversity was assessed by amplicon metabarcoding of the 16S rRNA V3–V4 gene region. A total of 854 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified. In each fish species, between 2 and 18 OTUs dominated with cumulative relative abundance ≥ 70%. Most of the dominating bacterial taxa have been reported to occur both in wild and farmed fish populations. The midgut bacterial communities were different among the 12 fish species, except for Pagrus pagrus and Pagellus erythrinus, which belong to the Sparidae family. No differentiation of the midgut bacterial microbiota was found based on feeding habits, i.e., omnivorous vs. carnivorous. Comparing wild and farmed P. pagrus midgut bacterial microbiota revealed considerable variation between them. Our results expand the gut microbiota of wild fish and support the host species effect as the more likely factor shaping intestinal bacterial microbiota.

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Recent Advances in the Metagenomics of Marine Mammals Microbiome

Cited by 6 publications

References 48 publications

Marine Mammal Microbiota Yields Novel Antibiotic with Potent Activity Against Clostridium difficile

Marine Mammal Microbiota Yields Novel Antibiotic with Potent Activity Against Clostridium difficile

The bacteria of Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) are site-specific and distinct from freshwater environment

Midgut Bacterial Microbiota of 12 Fish Species from a Marine Protected Area in the Aegean Sea (Greece)

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