Recent advances in the chemistry and biochemistry of cannabis

Mechoulam, Raphael; McCallum, Neil K.; Burstein, Sumner

doi:10.1021/cr60299a002

Cited by 188 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…It is well known [1][2][3][4][5] that cannabinoid research developed from the study of the pharmacological effects of the plant material from marijuana (Cannabis sativa). Earlier work by Adams and Todd had shown on the basis of degradation studies and ultraviolet (UV) that the natural material had a basic tricyclic benzopyran structure with a double bond either at the Á 9 -or Á 8 -position in the alicyclic ring ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure–Activity Relationships of Classical Cannabinoids

Razdan

2009

The Cannabinoid Receptors

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In this chapter an overview of the more recent developments in the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of classical cannabinoids is discussed, especially the profound pharmacological effects produced by various chemical entities in the side chain at C-3, the hydroxyl at C-1, C-11, and hydroxyalkyl chains at C-6. Also cardiovascular studies point to the presence of a novel cannabinoid subtype receptor and the antagonist activity of cannabidiol has opened up new areas for research. Ligands, which had either a unique pharmacological profile, were potent agonists, partial agonists/antagonists, or were CB2 selective, were identified, generating leads with the potential to be drugs in the treatment of various diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure–Activity Relationships of Classical Cannabinoids

Razdan

2009

The Cannabinoid Receptors

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“…The main active component o f cannabis is A'-tetrahydrocannabinol (A'-TH C) which was isolated in a pure form and its structure was determined by Gaoni and Mechoulam in 1964. It is also named A 9-THC. Numerous other natural cannabinoids are known today (Mechoulam, 1973;Mechoulam et al, 1976).…”

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confidence: 99%

Chronic Administration of Cannabidiol to Healthy Volunteers and Epileptic Patients

et al. 1980

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In phase 1 of the study, 3 mg/kg daily of cannabidiol (CBD) was given for 30 days to 8 healthy human volunteers. Another 8 volunteers received the same number of identical capsules containing glucose as placebo in a double-blind setting. Neurological and physical examinations, blood and urine analysis, ECG and EEG were performed at weekly intervals. In phase 2 of the study, 15 patients suffering from secondary generalized epilepsy with temporal focus were randomly divided into two groups. Each patient received, in a double-blind procedure, 200-300 mg daily of CBD or placebo. The drugs were administered for as long as 4½ months. Clinical and laboratory examinations, EEG and ECG were performed at 15- or 30-day intervals. Throughout the experiment the patients continued to take the antiepileptic drugs prescribed before the experiment, although these drugs no longer controlled the signs of the disease. All patients and volunteers tolerated CBD very well and no signs of toxicity or serious side effects were detected on examination. 4 of the 8 CBD subjects remained almost free of convulsive crises throughout the experiment and 3 other patients demonstrated partial improvement in their clinical condition. CBD was ineffective in 1 patient. The clinical condition of 7 placebo patients remained unchanged whereas the condition of 1 patient clearly improved. The potential use of CBD as an antiepileptic drug and its possible potentiating effect on other antiepileptic drugs are discussed.

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“…Recent reviews [1,8] on metabolic studies with cannabinoids show that, whilst a number of important facts have become known, the general picture is still rather confused and controversial. This has imposed restrictions on our choice of haptens for the production of anti-cannabinoid antibodies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%