Recent advances in the application of carbohydrates as renewable feedstocks for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Carbohydrates, in the form of chitin, chitosan and cellulose, are one of the most available, renewable, and sustainable chemical feedstocks. Their conversion to biofuels, fine chemicals, and industrially-relevant monomers is becoming increasingly viable and promising as innovation decreases the price of this technology, and climate change and the price of fossil fuels increases the social and economic costs of using traditional feedstocks. In recent years, carbohydrates have been increasingly used as sources for nitrogen-containing fine chemicals. This chapter, with 86 references, provides a brief overview of the conversion of carbohydrate biomass to the standard hydrocarbon and oxygen-containing derivatives, and then provides a survey of recent progress in converting the biopolymers, and the derived mono and di-saccharides, into nitrogen-containing molecules with a special focus on N-heterocycle synthesis for medicinal applications.</jats:p>

Novel pyridine bearing pentose moiety-based anticancer agents: design, synthesis, radioiodination and bioassessments

“…The colorimetric assay was measured and recorded at the absorbance of 570 nm using a plate reader (EXL 800, USA). The relative cell viability in percentage was calculated as (A570 of treated samples/A570 of untreated sample) X 100 43 (Table 2).…”

“…The ongoing attempts to synthesize novel heterocycle derivatives are motivated by their previously successful uses in industry and biology [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] . In this study, we report designing and synthesizing a new pyridine-bearing pentose moiety via a one-pot multicomponent reaction using D-glucose [43][44][45] , and also investigate its behavior and reactivity toward some simple and heterocyclic amino derivatives. Also, the reactions were pressed using the thermal method along with the one-pot microwave technique.…”

Cycloamination strategies for renewable N-heterocycles

“…289,290 In view of the feasibility of furan-ring opening, biofuranics and their derivatives (e.g., levulinic acid) are extensively used for the construction of complex azaheterocycles like indolo [3,2-c]quinolines and bicyclic heterocycles. 291,292 Direct transformation of biomass sugars to azaheterocycles has been investigated with profound results, 293,294 while most studies of upgrading lignin are more focused on its model molecules such as 2-phenoxy acetophenone and aromatic aldehydes via modified approaches based on conventional reactions. 295,296 5.…”