Recent advances in the application triplet–triplet annihilation-based photon upconversion systems to solar technologies

Pedrini, Jacopo; Monguzzi, Angelo

doi:10.1117/1.jpe.8.022005

Cited by 70 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Possibly more importantly, such an efficiency is approaching the best fully organic sTTA‐UC systems, thus potentially paving the way for the application of NC‐based upconverters in real‐world technologies. [ 7,38 ]…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

High Photon Upconversion Efficiency with Hybrid Triplet Sensitizers by Ultrafast Hole‐Routing in Electronic‐Doped Nanocrystals

et al. 2020

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Low‐power photon upconversion (UC) based on sensitized triplet–triplet annihilation (sTTA) is considered as the most promising upward wavelength‐shifting technique to enhance the light‐harvesting capability of solar devices. Colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) with conjugated organic ligands have been recently proposed to extend the limited light‐harvesting capability of molecular absorbers. Key to their functioning is efficient energy transfer (ET) from the NC to the triplet state of the ligands that sensitize free annihilator moieties responsible for the upconverted luminescence. The ET efficiency is typically limited by parasitic processes, above all nonradiative hole‐transfer to the ligand highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). Here, a new exciton‐manipulation approach is demonstrated that enables loss‐free ET by electronically doping CdSe NCs with gold impurities that introduce a hole‐accepting intragap state above the HOMO energy of 9‐anthracene acid ligands. Upon photoexcitation, the NC photoholes are rapidly routed to the Au‐level, producing a long‐lived bound exciton in perfect resonance with the ligand triplet. This hinders hole‐transfer leading to ≈100% efficient ET that translates into an upconversion quantum yield as high as ≈12% (≈24% in the normalized definition), which is the highest performance for NC‐based upconverters based on sTTA to date and approaches the record efficiency of optimized organic systems.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

High Photon Upconversion Efficiency with Hybrid Triplet Sensitizers by Ultrafast Hole‐Routing in Electronic‐Doped Nanocrystals

et al. 2020

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“…For example, more than 50% of solar energy lies within the visible spectral range. [ 6 ] Visible‐to‐UV light conversion processes can facilitate the use of solar energy for technological applications. There is thus an increasing need for effective production of UV light by irradiation of low‐energy visible light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible‐to‐Ultraviolet Light Conversion: Materials and Applications

et al. 2021

Advanced Photonics Research

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Photon frequency conversion using optical materials is a common strategy for light generation and utilization. Materials capable of visible‐to‐ultraviolet (UV) light conversion have attracted particular attention due to their potential applications in nonlinear optics, biophotonics, as well as environmental sciences. There are four main mechanisms of visible‐to‐UV light conversion processes, including second‐harmonic generation, two‐photon absorption, lanthanide‐based upconversion, and triplet–triplet annihilation. Herein, recent developments in visible‐to‐UV light conversion materials are collectively reviewed and the emerging applications are presented. The prospects and challenges for further development in this field are also highlighted.

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“…After evaporation, the filtrate gave the desired compound as a crystalline lightyellow solid in 93% yield (170 mg, 0.530 mmol). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, D2O) δ 8.12 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.67 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.64 -7.55 (m, 5H), 7.45 -7.36 (m, 4H). 13 Characterization of the Assembly.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemical Upconversion in Water Using Cu(I) MLCT Excited States: Role of Energy Shuttling at the Micellar/Water Interface

Fayad

Bui

Shepard

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Photochemical upconversion (UC) through triplettriplet annihilation (TTA), which employs a visible absorbing triplet photosensitizer and an annihilator, is a process that generates a high energy photon from two lower energy photons. TTA-UC has been largely developed in pure organic solvents and solid-state polymeric constructs while featuring near exclusive use of rare and expensive metals within the photosensitizer. In this current investigation, we demonstrate that TTA-UC from the long lifetime earthabundant photosensitizer [Cu(dsbtmp)2](PF)6 (dsbtmp = 2,9di(sec-butyl)-3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), abbreviated as Cu-PS, functions in water through encapsulation within a cationic-based assembly. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was the surfactant of choice as it electrostatically binds the negatively charged water-soluble 10-phenylanthracene-9-carboxylate (PAC) acceptor/annihilator and ultimately facilitated energy transfer across the interface. Efficient and diffusion limited triplettriplet energy transfer (TTET) from Cu-PS to the PAC acceptor was achieved in this aqueous assembly. Unfortunately, the hindered mobility of the PAC moieties ultimately hampered the annihilation process and this was reflected in attenuated TTA rates and efficiencies. The combined experimental data illustrated that the water-soluble PAC acceptor was able to vectorially deliver the excited state energy stored in Cu-PS across the interface into the bulk aqueous solution by engaging in excited state electron transfer with methyl viologen acceptors. These results are important for remotely operating photoredox reactions in water while rendering a photosensitizer spatially isolated in the hydrophobic core of a micelle.

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Recent advances in the application triplet–triplet annihilation-based photon upconversion systems to solar technologies

Cited by 70 publications

References 86 publications

High Photon Upconversion Efficiency with Hybrid Triplet Sensitizers by Ultrafast Hole‐Routing in Electronic‐Doped Nanocrystals

High Photon Upconversion Efficiency with Hybrid Triplet Sensitizers by Ultrafast Hole‐Routing in Electronic‐Doped Nanocrystals

Visible‐to‐Ultraviolet Light Conversion: Materials and Applications

Photochemical Upconversion in Water Using Cu(I) MLCT Excited States: Role of Energy Shuttling at the Micellar/Water Interface

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