Photon frequency conversion using optical materials is a common strategy for light generation and utilization. Materials capable of visible‐to‐ultraviolet (UV) light conversion have attracted particular attention due to their potential applications in nonlinear optics, biophotonics, as well as environmental sciences. There are four main mechanisms of visible‐to‐UV light conversion processes, including second‐harmonic generation, two‐photon absorption, lanthanide‐based upconversion, and triplet–triplet annihilation. Herein, recent developments in visible‐to‐UV light conversion materials are collectively reviewed and the emerging applications are presented. The prospects and challenges for further development in this field are also highlighted.