Recent advances in surface modification of micro- and nano-scale biomaterials with biological membranes and biomolecules

Abstract

Surface modification of biomaterial can improve its biocompatibility and add new biofunctions, such as targeting specific tissues, communication with cells, and modulation of intracellular trafficking. Here, we summarize the use of various natural materials, namely, cell membrane, exosomes, proteins, peptides, lipids, fatty acids, and polysaccharides as coating materials on micron- and nano-sized particles and droplets with the functions imparted by coating with different materials. We discuss the applicability, operational parameters, and limitation of different coating techniques, from the more conventional approaches such as extrusion and sonication to the latest innovation seen on the microfluidics platform. Methods commonly used in the field to examine the coating, including its composition, physical dimension, stability, fluidity, permeability, and biological functions, are reviewed.

Magnetic Nanoparticle Coating Decreases the Senescence and Increases the Targeting Potential of Fibroblasts and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…Indeed, endosome formation after foreign body uptake by cells is known to be dependent of the “protein corona”, the modality in which MNPs “present” themselves to cells . Formation of the protein corona in contact with serum in cell culture media has been reported to be largely influenced by nanoparticle coating, with PA increasing its homogeneity . Nonprofessional phagocytic cells such as fibroblasts or ADSCs can engulf MNP complexes through phagocytosis, an opsonization-dependent process reported to be facilitated by fatty acids …”

“…22 Formation of the protein corona in contact with serum in cell culture media has been reported to be largely influenced by nanoparticle coating, with PA increasing its homogeneity. 23 Nonprofessional phagocytic cells such as fibroblasts or ADSCs can engulf MNP complexes through phagocytosis, an opsonization-dependent process reported to be facilitated by fatty acids. 24 The profile of iron load/cell seems to confirm the superior ability of ADSCs to incorporate MNPs.…”

New buffer systems for photopainting of single biomolecules

“…Photopatterning techniques are attracting increasing interest due to their widespread applications in lithography, biointerfaces, and microfluidics. [1][2][3] Manipulation of surface functionalities is important for applications involving adaptive surface properties. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Surfaces that can regulate biological functions by stimuli-responsive compounds allow the control of molecular uptake, manipulation of cell adhesion and sensing, 12,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] or the induction of protein denaturation.…”

Surface modifications of biomaterials in different applied fields

“…13 It is common to modify the surface of biomaterials without changing the properties of the substrates on a micro or nano scale. 14,15 Surface modication provides controllable and programmable surface properties for biomaterials at the same time. It provides effective physical or chemical properties to make implanted biomaterials "more compatible" inside the human body.…”