Recent Advances in Strain-Induced Piezoelectric and Piezoresistive Effect-Engineered 2D Semiconductors for Adaptive Electronics and Optoelectronics

Li, Feng; Shen, Tao; Wang, Cong; Zhang, Yupeng; Qi, Junjie; Zhang, Han

doi:10.1007/s40820-020-00439-9

Cited by 97 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 229 publications

(311 reference statements)

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“…Secondly, the introduction of a novel gain mechanism that is different from the photogating effect could be an optional method so as to reduce the negative impact on the device operating speed and to promote mid‐infrared band light absorption. Thirdly, it has been demonstrated that by introducing external modifications, such as quantum confinement, [ 101–105 ] pressure, [ 106–109 ] mechanical strain [ 110–118 ] , and chemical doping means, [ 119–123 ] can significantly extend the spectral response of 2D materials, and tune the performance of 2D materials based photodetectors.…”

Section: Methods To Improve the Device Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Research development of 2D materials based photodetectors towards mid‐infrared regime

Wang

Shu

et al. 2020

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High performance mid‐infrared photodetectors play an irreplaceable role in optical communication, security monitoring, biological, and medical imaging and so on. Two‐dimensional (2D) materials have demonstrated great potential for infrared photodetection application. In recent years, the research on 2D materials based mid‐infrared photodetectors has underwent a fast growth. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the 2D materials based photodetectors, with an emphasis on mid‐infrared photodetection. In the first section, we start with a brief discussion on the potential advantages of 2D materials for mid‐infrared photodetection. Next, we focus on the development of 2D mid‐infrared photodetectors, and then discuss the challenges of this rapidly‐growing field. Following this, we review the solutions for improving the device performances and point out the issues remained to be solved. Finally, the future directions in this area are discussed and general advices are provided for the future development of high‐performance mid‐infrared photodetectors based on 2D materials.

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Section: Methods To Improve the Device Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Research development of 2D materials based photodetectors towards mid‐infrared regime

Wang

Shu

et al. 2020

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“…Resistive Mechanism: The resistance-based mechanism for flexible strain/pressure sensing is denoted as piezoresistive, namely the material resistance change induced by external strain/pressure and generally behaving as current or resistance signal output. [87] Piezoresistive feature stands out among all the foregoing mechanisms for flexible strain sensor design…”

Section: Electrical Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, piezoelectric effect is another important mechanism for pressure sensor design. [43,87] For piezoelectric materials, there will be electrical polarization and potential difference which are the sources for pressure sensing and direct power generation under an applied impact force. [87,100] According to the constitutive model of piezoelectric polymers, piezoelectric coefficient (d 33 ) could be written as the following: [43,73] 33 (5) in which Q and F denote charge and force, C and V OC are capacity and open-circuit voltage, ε r and ε 0 are relative permittivity and vacuum permittivity, respectively.…”

Section: Electrical Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Active materials [165] cover carbon nanomaterials (CB, CNT, graphene, GO, rGO), [148,166,167] metal nanowires [168] or nanoparticles [7,169] (AuNWs [115,170] ), liquid metals, [165,171,172] conductive polymers [173] (e.g., PEDOT:PSS [174] ), salts (e.g., NaCl and KOH), [47,50,175] ionic liquid [4,165,176] and semiconductors (e. g., organic and inorganic), [87,[177][178][179] MXene, [144,170] etc., which are briefly summarized in Figure 3. From the material point of view, some composites, such as incompletely reduced graphene (including GO and rGO), [180] have the capacity to sense the type of external physical or chemical stimuli.…”

Section: Choices Of Materials For Flexible Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in Multiresponsive Flexible Sensors towards E‐skin: A Delicate Design for Versatile Sensing

Jia

et al. 2021

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101

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As we know, human skin is natural barrier for human being to protect the body from external substance invasion, and also biological multifunctional sensors perceiving pressure, temperature, proximity, pain, smell, friction, texture of objects, etc. [4,12,13] Admittedly, human skin also has its intrinsic drawbacks like inaccurate and indirect discernment of relative humidity which needs to be perceived by the cooperation of mechanoreceptor and thermoreceptor. [14,15] Thus, e-skin should be not only limited to imitating the structure and multifunctional sensing capabilities of human skin, but also be able to develop more excellent traits beyond the human skin. [14,16] Considering the exploitation and employment of numerous materials, versatile structures and the integration of various mechanisms and manufacturing methods, the real future e-skins would surpass human skin in most aspects and show new characteristics such as transduction of other stimuli like light, sound, and even magnetism. [17][18][19] The delicate design and integration of multifunctional flexible sensors may overcome the current shortcomings and offer new insight into the forthcoming era of omnipotent stretchable and bendable electronics.Basically, flexibility is a trait for contours with zero-Gaussian curvature, while stretchability is necessary for conformal and entire covering surfaces with non-zero Gaussian curvature when the flexible sensors are attached to irregular 3-dimensionally curvilinear human skin. [20] Thus, stretchable sensors are supposed to be flexible. In the beginning of flexible sensors, most of the elemental sensing parts were created by combining inherently inorganic and rigid active materials (e.g., Si and Au) with soft substrates via special shape designs which are partly flexible to some extent. [20][21][22][23] Nonetheless, it is far from perfect for practical use if attaching these electronic devices on arbitrarily curved human skin and robot surfaces. Actually, commercial wearables are supposed to gradually take the sense of human scale and aesthetic into consideration, i.e., they are expected to be mechanically conformal, user-comfortable, environment-friendly, biocompatible, transparent, etc. [24,25] Consequently, all-flexible/stretchable sensors mainly consisting of organic active materials and/or metal nanowires are springing up. [26] Among various signals existing in nature, forces, temperature, and humidity play essential and vital roles in our normal Multiresponsive flexile sensors with strain, temperature, humidity, and other sensing abilities serving as real electronic skin (e-skin) have manifested great application potential in flexible electronics, artificial intelligence (AI), and Internet of Things (IoT). Although numerous flexible sensors with sole sensing function have already been reported since the concept of e-skin, that mimics the sensing features of human skin, was proposed about a decade ago, the ones with more sensing capacities as new emergences are urgently demanded. However, highly integrated a...

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“…As for electrical properties, proper strain amplitude can improve the performance of FETs by increasing the carrier mobility of 2D materials 23 . The piezoresistive and piezoelectric effect appear in strained 2D materials, allowing their potential applications in the sensors, photodetectors, and nanogenerators 24 . In addition, strain can not only modulate the magnetism of intrinsic van der Waals magnets but also induce magnetism in nonmagnetic 2D materials 25,26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain engineering of two‐dimensional materials: Methods, properties, and applications

Yang

Chen

Jiang

2021

InfoMat

243

163

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Two‐dimensional (2D) materials have attracted extensive research interests due to their excellent properties related to unique structure. Strain engineering, as an important strategy for tuning the lattice and electronic structure of 2D materials, has been widely used in the modulation of physical properties, which broadens their applications in flexible nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices. In this review, we first summarize the methods of inducing strain to 2D materials and discuss the advantages and problems of various methods. We then introduce the strain‐induced effects on optical, electrical, and magnetic properties, together with the phase transition of 2D materials. Finally, we illustrate the potential applications of strained 2D materials and further look forward to their opportunities and challenges in practical applications in the future.

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Recent Advances in Strain-Induced Piezoelectric and Piezoresistive Effect-Engineered 2D Semiconductors for Adaptive Electronics and Optoelectronics

Cited by 97 publications

References 229 publications

Research development of 2D materials based photodetectors towards mid‐infrared regime

Research development of 2D materials based photodetectors towards mid‐infrared regime

Recent Advances in Multiresponsive Flexible Sensors towards E‐skin: A Delicate Design for Versatile Sensing

Strain engineering of two‐dimensional materials: Methods, properties, and applications

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