Recent advances in small-molecule fluorescent probes for studying ferroptosis

Qi, Yanan; Wang, Hairong; Chen, Lili; Duan, Yongtao; Yang, Shengyu; Zhu, Hai‐Liang

doi:10.1039/d1cs01167g

Cited by 69 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 183 publications

(265 reference statements)

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“…This is due to the high added value of these smart materials and the wide variety of applications they show. Just to highlight the most important, we can find luminescent materials in fields with scope as wide as sensors [ 4 ], image biomarkers [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], light-emitting devices (OLEDs) [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], photodynamic therapy [ 15 ] or theragnosis [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], and also in more specific areas such as host–guest encapsulated materials [ 21 ], among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminescence and Palladium: The Odd Couple

Dalmau

Urriolabeitia

2023

Molecules

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The synthesis, photophysical properties, and applications of highly fluorescent and phosphorescent palladium complexes are reviewed, covering the period 2018–2022. Despite the fact that the Pd atom appears closely related with an efficient quenching of the fluorescence of different molecules, different synthetic strategies have been recently optimized to achieve the preservation and even the amplification of the luminescent properties of several fluorophores after Pd incorporation. Beyond classical methodologies such as orthopalladation or the use of highly emissive ligands as porphyrins and related systems (for instance, biladiene), new concepts such as AIE (Aggregation Induced Emission) in metallacages or in coordination-driven supramolecular compounds (CDS) by restriction of intramolecular motions (RIM), or complexes showing TADF (Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence), are here described and analysed. Without pretending to be comprehensive, selected examples of applications in areas such as the fabrication of lighting devices, biological markers, photodynamic therapy, or oxygen sensing are also here reported.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminescence and Palladium: The Odd Couple

Dalmau

Urriolabeitia

2023

Molecules

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“…According to certain theories, ROS trigger intracellular lipid peroxidation, which results in ferroptosis [125] as illustrated in Figure 6. However, treatment is challenging due to the tiny levels of produced OH in cells [126]. Tere have been reports of several nanoparticles that improve the effcacy of Fenton reactions for medicinal applications [95].…”

Section: Fenton-reaction Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Tumor Microenvironment by Metal Peroxide Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy

Mbugua

2022

Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications

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Solid tumors have a unique tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes hypoxia, low acidity, and high hydrogen peroxide and glutathione (GSH) levels, among others. These unique factors, which offer favourable microenvironments and nourishment for tumor development and spread, also serve as a gateway for specific and successful cancer therapies. A good example is metal peroxide structures which have been synthesized and utilized to enhance oxygen supply and they have shown great promise in the alleviation of hypoxia. In a hypoxic environment, certain oxygen-dependent treatments such as photodynamic therapy and radiotherapy fail to respond and therefore modulating the hypoxic tumor microenvironment has been found to enhance the antitumor impact of certain drugs. Under acidic environments, the hydrogen peroxide produced by the reaction of metal peroxides with water not only induces oxidative stress but also produces additional oxygen. This is achieved since hydrogen peroxide acts as a reactive substrate for molecules such as catalyse enzymes, alleviating tumor hypoxia observed in the tumor microenvironment. Metal ions released in the process can also offer distinct bioactivity in their own right. Metal peroxides used in anticancer therapy are a rapidly evolving field, and there is good evidence that they are a good option for regulating the tumor microenvironment in cancer therapy. In this regard, the synthesis and mechanisms behind the successful application of metal peroxides to specifically target the tumor microenvironment are highlighted in this review. Various characteristics of TME such as angiogenesis, inflammation, hypoxia, acidity levels, and metal ion homeostasis are addressed in this regard, together with certain forms of synergistic combination treatments.

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“…In addition, cancer cells exhibit a high level of cellular heterogeneity, which is a determining factor in the therapy efficacy including ferroptosis. In situ and quantitatively monitoring the changes in the three parameters of the ferroptosis process at a single-cell level is of great significance for evaluating the FIN efficacy on cancer cells and developing potential FINs. − However, the common methods for characterizing these parameters, such as the dead/live cell staining technique for detecting cell membrane permeability and oxygen/reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive fluorescent probes for measuring oxygen and H 2 O 2 levels, are performed on immobilized cells in an invasive manner, which cannot satisfy the need of in situ, real-time, and continuously monitoring the rapid changes of the key parameters during ferroptosis. − Therefore, there is still an unmet need for a method that can quantitatively and in situ monitor the dynamic changes in cell membrane integrity, respiratory activity, and the redox state in the ferroptosis process in a noninvasive way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ and Quantitatively Monitoring the Dynamic Process of Ferroptosis in Single Cancer Cells by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

Zhao

Kuermanbayi

et al. 2023

Anal. Chem.

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Ferroptosis, as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancers, has aroused great interest. Quantifying the quick dynamic changes in key parameters during the early course of ferroptosis can provide insights for understanding the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis and help the development of therapies targeting ferroptosis. However, in situ and quantitatively monitoring the quick responses of living cancer cells to ferroptosis at the single-cell level remains technically challenging. In this work, we selected HuH7 cells (hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells) as a cell model and Erastin as a typical ferroptosis inducer. We utilized scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to quantitatively and in situ monitor the early course of ferroptosis in HuH7 cells by characterizing the three key parameters of cell ferroptosis (i.e., cell membrane permeability, respiratory activity, and the redox state). The SECM results show that the membrane permeability of ferroptotic HuH7 cells continuously increased from 0 to 8.1 × 10 −5 m s −1 , the cellular oxygen consumption was continuously reduced by half, and H 2 O 2 released from the cells exhibited periodic bursts during the early course of ferroptosis, indicating the gradually destroyed cell membrane structure and intensified oxidative stress. Our work realizes, for the first time, the in situ and quantitative monitoring of the cell membrane permeability, respiratory activity, and H 2 O 2 level of the early ferroptosis process of a single living cancer cell with SECM, which can contribute to the understanding of the physiological process and underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis.

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Recent advances in small-molecule fluorescent probes for studying ferroptosis

Abstract: Small-molecule fluorescent probes for studying ferroptosis.

Cited by 69 publications

References 183 publications

Luminescence and Palladium: The Odd Couple

Luminescence and Palladium: The Odd Couple

Targeting Tumor Microenvironment by Metal Peroxide Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy

In Situ and Quantitatively Monitoring the Dynamic Process of Ferroptosis in Single Cancer Cells by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

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