Recent advances in seaweed seedling production: a review of eucheumatoids and other valuable seaweeds

Abstract

Modern seaweed farming relies heavily on seedlings from natural beds or vegetative cuttings from previous harvests. However, this farming method has some disadvantages, such as physiological variation in the seed stock and decreased genetic variability, which reduces the growth rate, carrageenan yield, and gel strength of the seaweeds. A new method of seedling production that is sustainable, scalable, and produces a large number of high-quality plantlets is needed to support the seaweed farming industry. Recent use of tissue culture and micropropagation techniques in eucheumatoid seaweed production has yielded promising results in increasing seed supply and growing uniform seedlings in large numbers in a shorter time. Several seaweed species have been successfully cultured and regenerated into new plantlets in laboratories using direct regeneration, callus culture, and protoplast culture. The use of biostimulants and plant growth regulators in culture media increases the seedling quality even further. Seedlings produced by micropropagation grew faster and had better biochemical properties than conventionally cultivated seedlings. Before being transferred to a land-based grow-out system or ocean nets for farming, tissue-cultured seedlings were recommended to undergo an acclimatization process to increase their survival rate. Regular monitoring is needed to prevent disease and pest infestations and grazing by herbivorous fish and turtles during the farming process. The current review discusses recent techniques for producing eucheumatoid and other valuable seaweed farming materials, emphasizing the efficiency of micropropagation and the transition from laboratory culture to cultivation in land-based or open-sea grow-out systems to elucidate optimal conditions for sustainable seaweed production.

Functions and values of sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed

“…Seaweed-derived science parks have gained global recognition owing to their versatile applications across multiple industries. The commercial significance of each SP depends on its specific composition and bioactivity, which can vary with seaweed conditions, harvesting season, and environmental factors (Nagahawatta et al 2021, Jiksing et al 2022. in host cells (Wei et al 2022).…”

Effects of exogenous hormones on the regeneration of juveniles from Sargassum fusiforme holdfasts

“…Plant growth regulators (PGRs), are organic compounds that are synthetic (or naturally derived from microorganisms) and have growth and developmental regulatory effects similar to those of natural plant hormones (Rademacher, 2015). Plant hormones such as auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin can be exogenously applied as PGRs to regulate the growth and reproduction of plants and seaweeds (Duran-Medina et al, 2017;Miyakawa and Tanokura, 2017;Song et al, 2020;Hernandez-Garcia et al, 2021;Nedved et al, 2021;Jiksing et al, 2022). Chen et al (2022) reported that exogenous application of auxin can promote biomass production and branching in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis.…”

Vegetative Propagation of the Commercial Red Seaweed Chondracanthus chamissoi in Peru by Secondary Attachment Disc during Indoor Cultivation

“…It is worth noticing, however, that extensive use of vegetative propagation methods can lead to vigor loss, reduced production capacity, and increased susceptibility to pathogens. Thus, these methods must be combined with reproductive cell (spores or gametes)-based techniques to improve economic cultivars like C. chamissoi [ 28 ].…”