Recent Advances in Quartz Crystal Microbalance Biosensors Based on the Molecular Imprinting Technique for Disease-Related Biomarkers

Abstract

The molecular imprinting technique is a quickly developing field of interest regarding the synthesis of artificial recognition elements that enable the specific determination of target molecule/analyte from a matrix. Recently, these smart materials can be successfully applied to biomolecule detection in biomimetic biosensors. These biosensors contain a biorecognition element (a bioreceptor) and a transducer, like their biosensor analogs. Here, the basic difference is that molecular imprinting-based biosensors use a synthetic recognition element. Molecular imprinting polymers used as the artificial recognition elements in biosensor platforms are complementary in shape, size, specific binding sites, and functionality to their template analytes. Recent progress in biomolecular recognition has supplied extra diagnostic and treatment methods for various diseases. Cost-effective, more robust, and high-throughput assays are needed for monitoring biomarkers in clinical settings. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensors are promising tools for the real-time and quick detection of biomolecules in the past two decades A quick, simple-to-use, and cheap biomarkers detection technology based on biosensors has been developed. This critical review presents current applications in molecular imprinting-based quartz crystal microbalance biosensors for the quantification of biomarkers for disease monitoring and diagnostic results.

Fabrication of Efficient and Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Sucrose

“…Chemically, MIPs are synthesized by bulk process where reaction occurs in a homogenous mixture [ 35 , 36 ]. Chemical interactions occurring between monomer and analyte may be through a non-covalent bond that can generate cavities on the bulk of the MIPs [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Research progress on MIP sensors for the detection of sucrose has demonstrated promising results in recent years.…”

Epitope imprinted polymeric materials: application in electrochemical detection of disease biomarkers

“…As a counterpart to natural antibodies, the technique of epitope imprinting has shown a prospective application in fields such as sample treatment, protein purification, cancer diagnosis, chromatographic analysis, biomedical applications, drug delivery, biomarker detection etc. 108,109 In this section, a special emphasis has been given to the sensing applications of the epitope imprinted polymers. The various studies performed for biomarker detection employing epitope imprinted polymers have been described and listed in Table 1.…”

Practical Use of Quartz Crystal Microbalance Monitoring in Cartilage Tissue Engineering

“…Furthermore, QCM has the ability to detect a broad variety of biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, peptides, oligonucleotides, hormones, etc. [ 45 ]. In particular, the rapid detection process and the high sensitivity of QCM systems make them attractive for the development of novel diagnostic tools.…”