Recent Advances in Protective Vaccines against Hepatitis Viruses: A Narrative Review

Elbahrawy, Ashraf; Atalla, Hassan; Alboraie, Mohamed; Alwassief, Ahmed; Madian, Ali; Fayoumie, Mohammed El; Tabll, Ashraf A.; Aly, Hussein Hassan

doi:10.3390/v15010214

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 173 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Remarkably, all three individuals belonged to the vaccination groups that received the highest doses. Upon completion of the trial, an immunological analysis detected modest T cell responses post-vaccination [ 114 ]. Subsequently, in a group of 195 individuals with chronic HBV infection exhibiting increased HBV DNA levels and a higher HBsAg titer (average 3.7 log10 IU/mL), the efficacy of GS-4774 was evaluated compared to a combination of tenofovir and nucleos(t)ide analogue tenofovir.…”

Section: Hepatitis B Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

HBV Vaccines: Advances and Development

Mahmood,

Xu,

Awan

et al. 2023

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem that is closely related to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prevalence of acute and chronic HBV infection, liver cirrhosis, and HCC has significantly decreased as a result of the introduction of universal HBV vaccination programs. The first hepatitis B vaccine approved was developed by purifying the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from the plasma of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. Subsequently, recombinant DNA technology led to the development of the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Although there are already several licensed vaccines available for HBV infection, continuous research is essential to develop even more effective vaccines. Prophylactic hepatitis B vaccination has been important in the prevention of hepatitis B because it has effectively produced protective immunity against hepatitis B viral infection. Prophylactic vaccines only need to provoke neutralizing antibodies directed against the HBV envelop proteins, whereas therapeutic vaccines are most likely needed to induce a comprehensive T cell response and thus, should include other HBV antigens, such as HBV core and polymerase. The existing vaccines have proven to be highly effective in preventing HBV infection, but ongoing research aims to improve their efficacy, duration of protection, and accessibility. The routine administration of the HBV vaccine is safe and well-tolerated worldwide. The purpose of this type of immunization is to trigger an immunological response in the host, which will halt HBV replication. The clinical efficacy and safety of the HBV vaccine are affected by a number of immunological and clinical factors. However, this success is now in jeopardy due to the breakthrough infections caused by HBV variants with mutations in the S gene, high viral loads, and virus-induced immunosuppression. In this review, we describe various types of available HBV vaccines, along with the recent progress in the ongoing battle to develop new vaccines against HBV.

show abstract

Section: Hepatitis B Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, mice that have been immunized can effectively elicit a specific immune response known as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against HBV [ 116 ]. The clinical testing for the heat-killed whole recombinant budding yeast vaccine (GS-4774) targeting the HBV has successfully concluded its phase II trial [ 114 ].…”

Section: Hepatitis B Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

HBV Vaccines: Advances and Development

Mahmood,

Xu,

Awan

et al. 2023

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It contributed to 44,000 fatalities globally in 2015. Hepatitis A and B vaccinations are currently accessible and safe [ 111 ].…”

Section: Bacteria and Bacterial Derivatives As Drug Delivery Systems ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential use of bacteria and bacterial derivatives as drug delivery systems for viral infection

Faghihkhorasani,

Ahmed,

Mashool

et al. 2023

Virol J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Viral infections in humans are responsible for fatalities worldwide and contribute to the incidence of various human ailments. Controllable targeted medicine delivery against many illnesses, including viral infection, may be significantly aided by using bacteria and bacteria-derived products. They may accumulate in diseased tissues despite physical obstacles, where they can launch antiviral immunity. The ability to genetically and chemically modify them means that vaccinations against viral infections may be manufactured and delivered to affected tissues more safely and effectively. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the latest advancements in the field of utilizing bacteria and bacterial derivatives as carriers for administering medication to treat viral diseases such as SARS-CoV-2, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human papillomavirus, influenza, and Ebola virus. Graphical Abstract

show abstract

“…More recently studied vaccine platforms include HCV-like particles, recombinant proteins, DNA constructs, peptides, and novel viral vectors ( 122 - 124 ) ( 125 ) An effective HCV vaccine will likely need to induce robust neutralizing antibodies as well as multi-specific cellular immune responses. Advances in understanding of HCV pathogenesis in conjunction with innovative technologies have given rise to candidate vaccines currently in clinical trials ( 126 ). Deployment of an effective vaccine will be integral to HCV control in SSA.…”

Section: Hepatitis C Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignancy and viral infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review

Diakité

Shaw‐Saliba²,

Lau³

2023

Front. Virol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The burden of malignancy related to viral infection is increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In 2018, approximately 2 million new cancer cases worldwide were attributable to infection. Prevention or treatment of these infections could reduce cancer cases by 23% in less developed regions and about 7% in developed regions. Contemporaneous increases in longevity and changes in lifestyle have contributed to the cancer burden in SSA. African hospitals are reporting more cases of cancer related to infection (e.g., cervical cancer in women and stomach and liver cancer in men). SSA populations also have elevated underlying prevalence of viral infections compared to other regions. Of 10 infectious agents identified as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, six are viruses: hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV, also known as human herpesvirus type 8, HHV-8). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) also facilitates oncogenesis. EBV is associated with lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinoma; HBV and HCV are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma; KSHV causes Kaposi’s sarcoma; HTLV-1 causes T-cell leukemia and lymphoma; HPV causes carcinoma of the oropharynx and anogenital squamous cell cancer. HIV-1, for which SSA has the greatest global burden, has been linked to increasing risk of malignancy through immunologic dysregulation and clonal hematopoiesis. Public health approaches to prevent infection, such as vaccination, safer injection techniques, screening of blood products, antimicrobial treatments and safer sexual practices could reduce the burden of cancer in Africa. In SSA, inequalities in access to cancer screening and treatment are exacerbated by the perception of cancer as taboo. National level cancer registries, new screening strategies for detection of viral infection and public health messaging should be prioritized in SSA’s battle against malignancy. In this review, we discuss the impact of carcinogenic viruses in SSA with a focus on regional epidemiology.

show abstract

Recent Advances in Protective Vaccines against Hepatitis Viruses: A Narrative Review

Cited by 18 publications

References 173 publications

HBV Vaccines: Advances and Development

HBV Vaccines: Advances and Development

The potential use of bacteria and bacterial derivatives as drug delivery systems for viral infection

Malignancy and viral infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About