The potential use of bacteria and bacterial derivatives as drug delivery systems for viral infection

Abstract

Viral infections in humans are responsible for fatalities worldwide and contribute to the incidence of various human ailments. Controllable targeted medicine delivery against many illnesses, including viral infection, may be significantly aided by using bacteria and bacteria-derived products. They may accumulate in diseased tissues despite physical obstacles, where they can launch antiviral immunity. The ability to genetically and chemically modify them means that vaccinations against viral infections may be manufactured and delivered to affected tissues more safely and effectively. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the latest advancements in the field of utilizing bacteria and bacterial derivatives as carriers for administering medication to treat viral diseases such as SARS-CoV-2, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human papillomavirus, influenza, and Ebola virus. Graphical Abstract

Recent Advances in Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Detection, Treatment, and Vaccination: Overview of Current Status and Challenges

“…These models would possess specific virus-infection-associated host factors that are humanized, offering substantial benefits over models where common immune signaling proteins are merely removed. To further the study of medicines for CCHFV, it is necessary to establish more suitable animal models for pre-clinical research since the existing assessment of anti-CCHFV medications has been confined to animal models and clinical trials [ 37 , 188 , 189 ]. It is indisputable that CCHF will continue to pose a substantial public health risk for the foreseeable future, given the numerous impediments to progress.…”

Precise Therapy Using the Selective Endogenous Encapsidation for Cellular Delivery Vector System

“…If bacteria are activated or stimulated, the production of BMVs is increased [ 38 ]. BMVs are spherical, bilayered proteolipids that transport bacterial virulence factors, bioactive proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids [ 39 ]. The role of BMVs is discussed very intensively as they facilitate intracellular communication, may alter a composition of the microbiota, take part in the formation of biofilms, assist in the uptake of nutrients, and serve as a chemical waste removal system for bacteria.…”

Genetically Engineered Microorganisms and Their Impact on Human Health

“…Genetically modifed bacteria purposefully have properties such as destroying bioflm and reducing resistance to antibiotics and being degradable. As recent studies have pointed to the efective role of target delivery of GEMs [303] and carrying the drug, GEMs can directly deliver the drug to the desired area [304]. In addition to nanoparticles (NPs), synthetic biology has provided the possibility of changing bacteria for specifc applications such as vectors for inoculating nucleic acids into cells.…”

“…In addition to nanoparticles (NPs), synthetic biology has provided the possibility of changing bacteria for specifc applications such as vectors for inoculating nucleic acids into cells. Te genetics of these microorganisms are modifed by genetic engineering so that they have the least toxicity and have the greatest efect in the targeted transfer to the desired tissue [303].…”