Recent Advances in Practical Methods for Liver Cell Biology: A Short Overview

Torres, Sandra; Abdullah, Zeinab; Brol, Maximilian Joseph; Hellerbrand, Claus; Fernández, Mercedes; Fiorotto, Romina; Klein, Sabine; Königshofer, Philipp; Liedtke, Christian; Lotersztajn, Sophie; Nevzorova, Yulia A.; Schierwagen, Robert; Reiberger, Thomas; Uschner, Frank Erhard; Tacke, Frank; Weiskirchen, Ralf; Trebicka, Jonel

doi:10.3390/ijms21062027

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…With their own limitations, these complementary approaches allow to better highlight novel actors and mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of liver complications. Novel animal models and specific cell isolation combined with single-cell RNA sequencing are examples ( 146 ). Liver organoids also emerge as alternative system with multiple hepatic cell types which mimic liver structure and diseases ( 147 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Inflammation in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies

et al. 2020

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Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive form of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), the main cause of chronic liver complications. The development of NASH is the consequence of aberrant activation of hepatic conventional immune, parenchymal, and endothelial cells in response to inflammatory mediators from the liver, adipose tissue, and gut. Hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells contribute to the significant accumulation of bone-marrow derived-macrophages and neutrophils in the liver, a hallmark of NASH. The aberrant activation of these immune cells elicits harmful inflammation and liver injury, leading to NASH progression. In this review, we highlight the processes triggering the recruitment and/or activation of hepatic innate immune cells, with a focus on macrophages, neutrophils, and innate lymphoid cells as well as the contribution of hepatocytes and endothelial cells in driving liver inflammation/fibrosis. On-going studies and preliminary results from global and specific therapeutic strategies to manage this NASH-related inflammation will also be discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Inflammation in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies

et al. 2020

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“…The inhalation of CCl 4 can cause significant fibrosis within 4 weeks and a strong proinflammatory reaction within 7 weeks [ 135 ]. The model-induced fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis in the mice was similar to human alcoholic liver fibrosis [ 136 ]. In addition, Wonhyo Seo et al successfully induced HCC using an alcohol diet plus CCl 4 .…”

Section: Current In Vivo Models Of Aldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in the Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease Model

Zhu

et al. 2022

Biomolecules

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Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is an intricate disease that results in a broad spectrum of liver damage. The presentation of ALD can include simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Effective prevention and treatment strategies are urgently required for ALD patients. In previous decades, numerous rodent models were established to investigate the mechanisms of alcohol-associated liver disease and explore therapeutic targets. This review provides a summary of the latest developments in rodent models, including those that involve EtOH administration, which will help us to understand the characteristics and causes of ALD at different stages. In addition, we discuss the pathogenesis of ALD and summarize the existing in vitro models. We analyse the pros and cons of these models and their translational relevance and summarize the insights that have been gained regarding the mechanisms of alcoholic liver injury.

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“…An additional limitation is the technical difficulties in handling primary cells cultures. Conversely, immortalized cell lines do not always recapitulate normal physiological functions of the tissue that they are isolated from (72,73). These collective shortcomings of traditional tools to model liver diseases in culture are being addressed by recent advances in stem cell-based in vitro models (i.e., iPSC and 3D organoid cultures) (Figure 2) (74).…”

Section: Disease Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel approaches to liver disease diagnosis and modeling

Oliveira¹,

Fiorotto²

2021

Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol

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Lack of a prompt and accurate diagnosis remains on top of the list of challenges faced by patients with rare liver diseases. Although rare liver diseases affect a significant percentage of the population as a group, when taken singularly they represent unique diseases and the approaches used for diagnosis of common liver diseases are insufficient. However, the development of new methods for the acquisition of molecular and clinical data (i.e., genomic, proteomics, metabolomics) and computational tools for their analysis and integration, together with advances in modeling diseases using stem cell-based technology [i.e., induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and tissue organoids] represent a promising and powerful tool to improve the clinical management of these patients. This is the goal of precision medicine, a novel approach of modern medicine that aims at delivering a specific treatment based on disease-specific biological insights and individual profile. This review will discuss the application and advances of these technologies and how they represent a new opportunity in hepatology.

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Recent Advances in Practical Methods for Liver Cell Biology: A Short Overview

Cited by 11 publications

References 107 publications

Chronic Inflammation in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies

Chronic Inflammation in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies

Advancements in the Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease Model

Novel approaches to liver disease diagnosis and modeling

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