Advancements in the Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease Model

Abstract

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is an intricate disease that results in a broad spectrum of liver damage. The presentation of ALD can include simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Effective prevention and treatment strategies are urgently required for ALD patients. In previous decades, numerous rodent models were established to investigate the mechanisms of alcohol-associated liver disease and explore therapeutic targets. This review provides a summary of the latest developments in rodent models, including those that involve EtOH administration, which will help us to understand the characteristics and causes of ALD at different stages. In addition, we discuss the pathogenesis of ALD and summarize the existing in vitro models. We analyse the pros and cons of these models and their translational relevance and summarize the insights that have been gained regarding the mechanisms of alcoholic liver injury.

Experimental In Vivo Toxicity Models for Alcohol Toxicity

“…56 Ethanol administered using the Tsukomoto–French model can cause steatosis, apoptosis, fibrosis, necrosis, and inflammation, which are very similar to alcoholic liver disease in humans. 57 The Tsukomoto–French model also allows the dietary content to be adjusted as desired to generate the desired liver damage pattern. With the addition of polyunsaturated fatty acids to the diet (25% of total calories), steatohepatitis in rodents was further increased, resulting in liver fibrosis in animals after 4 months.…”

“…The most important disadvantage is that the intragastric catheters to be used in animals require surgical placement. 57 In addition, the method requires expensive materials, and serious care is required for the animals to prevent infection, as it may cause increased mortality in the animals after the operation. 22 , 54 , 55 , 57 …”

“… 57 In addition, the method requires expensive materials, and serious care is required for the animals to prevent infection, as it may cause increased mortality in the animals after the operation. 22 , 54 , 55 , 57 …”

An ensemble ofGleditsia sinensis Lam. and gut microbiota against alcoholic liver disease

“…Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) includes diverse hepatic-related disorders: hepatic steatosis (HS), hepatic cirrhosis (HC), even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [1] . Alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) has been considered as critical pathophysiological processing to develop HS and HC 4 [2] .…”

“…Alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) has been considered as critical pathophysiological processing to develop HS and HC 4 [2] . Immoderate alcohol drinking pattern are exposed to alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), hepatic fibrosis (HF), and hepatitis in the same patient groups consecutively [1,3] . HS is an initial indication to acute alcoholism, which is a disorder occurred by excessive accumulation of fat in hepatocytes [4] .…”