Recent advances in potentiometric biosensors

Abstract

Potentiometry based on ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) has been injected with new vigor and gone through a renaissance with the improvements in the detection limits and selectivities of ISEs, the introduction of new materials, new sensing concepts (from conventional potentiometry to dynamic electrochemistry approaches), and deeper theoretical understanding and modelling of the potentiometric responses of ISEs. The new breakthroughs encourage innovations in ion sensing and biosensing applications. Moreover, with the introduction of new bioreceptors, such as enzymes, antibodies, aptamers, peptides, versatile sensing protocols have been designed for a broad range of different target molecules by using ISEs as powerful transducers. This paper reviews the recent trends in potentiometric biosensors. Their applications in biosensing of metal ions, small molecules, DNA, proteins, bacteria and toxicities have been discussed. This review provides the outlook of the potentiometric biosensing based on the integration of potentiometric ISEs with new materials and emerging techniques.

Concurrent Potentiometric and Amperometric Sensing With Shared Reference Electrodes

“…The results show that the cell current variation differs for different pH buffers. This affirms that the cell current varies for increasing peroxide levels, although for lower pH levels (3,5) the variation in the cell current is much higher as compared to the high pH levels (7,9). With it being clear that there is a cell current generated from increasing peroxide levels, the next experiment would aim to determine if there is a variation in the potentiometric results after this cell current is added.…”

“…The emergence of ion-sensitive electrodes with low detection limits up to ultra trace levels have given rise to the importance of potentiometric sensing [4]. With ongoing research on miniaturising these electrodes further, potentiometry allows for the possibility of low ion measurement values in tiny sample sizes for ions such as potassium, sodium, pH values and even bacteria or toxicities [5] [6].…”

An Overview on SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Other Human Coronaviruses and Their Detection Capability via Amplification Assay, Chemical Sensing, Biosensing, Immunosensing, and Clinical Assays

“…In general, biosensors [ 98 , 99 ] are ideal devices for analytical purposes. These valuable tools employ a combination of a specific biological element and a transducer to determine a certain analyte in any biological sample with high sensitivity.…”

Biosensors for the detection of respiratory viruses: A review

“…The main types of transducing systems are the electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric. Electrochemical biosensors monitor alterations in charge distribution over the transducer surface, based on potentiometric [8 , 9] , amperometric [10] , [11] , [12] or impedimetric [13] , [14] , [15] transduction principles. Optical biosensors are versatile tools for analytical purposes because it provides multiplexed detection within a single device.…”