Recent Advances in Phosphorene: Structure, Synthesis, and Properties

Abstract

Phosphorene is a 2D phosphorus atomic layer arranged in a honeycomb lattice like graphene but with a buckled structure. Since its exfoliation from black phosphorus in 2014, phosphorene has attracted tremendous research interest both in terms of synthesis and fundamental research, as well as in potential applications. Recently, significant attention in phosphorene is motivated not only by research on its fundamental physical properties as a novel 2D semiconductor material, such as tunable bandgap, strong in‐plane anisotropy, and high carrier mobility, but also by the study of its wide range of potential applications, such as electronic, optoelectronic, and spintronic devices, energy conversion and storage devices. However, a lot of avenues remain to be explored including the fundamental properties of phosphorene and its device applications. This review recalls the current state of the art of phosphorene and its derivatives, touching upon topics on structure, synthesis, characterization, properties, stability, and applications. The current needs and future opportunities for phosphorene are also discussed.

Black phosphorus, an advanced versatile nanoparticles of antitumor, antibacterial and bone regeneration for OS therapy

“…Phosphorene is single or multi-layered counterpart of BP, which is 2D layered material like graphene ( Liu et al, 2014a ). Recently, Zhang et al reviewed the synthesis, properties and applications of phosphenes and provided an outlook on further developments and challenges faced by phosphenes ( Zhang et al, 2024 ). Phosphorene has a pleated structure along the armchair, but a double structure along the zigzag direction.…”

Strain-induced excellent photocatalytic performance in Z-scheme BlueP/γ-SnS heterostructures for water splitting

“…The ongoing pursuit of efficient 2D/2D heterojunctions constructed by different components still remains pivotal in advancing future applications in photocatalysts 21 and nanodevices. 22 Among 2D materials, both group IV monochalcogenides 23,24 and phosphorenes 25,26 have attracted widespread attention owing to their extraordinary physical properties, standard semiconducting behaviors, and low cost. Recently, a new 2D phase of group IV monochalcogenides (γ-MX, M = Ge or Sn; X = S, Se, or Te) has been theoretically predicted 27 and experimentally fabricated.…”

“…27 Besides, γ-MX monolayers can withstand strong in-plane strains and possess widely tunable band structures. 29,30 Blue phosphorene (BlueP), a member of the phosphorus family, has been successfully synthesized by epitaxial growth 31,32 and demonstrates great potential in the energy conversion field 26,33,34 due to its good thermal stability, tunable band structure, and ultra-high mobility. 35–38 Moreover, the combination of BlueP's superior properties together with a different kind of 2D material can largely expand its application areas and possibilities.…”

Phosphorene nanoribbon field effect transistor with a dual material gate

“…Phosphorene's competition with other hot competitors, layered MoS 2 and graphene looks promising for next-generation semiconductor devices. Unlike other two-dimensional structures, the bandstructure, optical responses, and electrical conductivity of multilayer black phosphorene are all extremely anisotropic which causes phenomena such as anisotropic electronic and thermal transport [10,11]. It is a distinctive property of phosphorene that makes it promising for potential applications.…”