Recent Advances in our Understanding of Tocopherol Biosynthesis in Plants: An Overview of Key Genes, Functions, and Breeding of Vitamin E Improved Crops

Fritsche, Steffi; Wang, Xingxing; Jung, Christian

doi:10.3390/antiox6040099

Cited by 150 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Thus, the intensification of PHYB2 Y252H -PIF3 interaction due to the constant presence of PHYB2 Y252H in pericarp cell nuclei, and consequent reduction in PIF3 protein accumulation, explains the markedly higher GGDR expression in PPC::B2 Y252H from early stages of fruit development until the completion of ripening. Besides GGDR, PHYB2 Y252H overexpression promoted the expression of VTE1, VTE4 and VTE3b, the latter two already described to be positively correlated with fruit vitamin E content in tomato genotypes (Fritsche et al, 2017;Quadrana et al, 2013).…”

Section: Phyb2 Y252h -Induced Overaccumulation Of Bioactive Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Beyond the limits of photoperception: constitutively active PHYTOCHROME B2 overexpression as a means of improving fruit nutritional quality in tomato

Alves

Lira

Pikart

et al. 2020

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Summary Photoreceptor engineering has recently emerged as a means for improving agronomically beneficial traits in crop species. Despite the central role played by the red/far‐red photoreceptor phytochromes (PHYs) in controlling fruit physiology, the applicability of PHY engineering for increasing fleshy fruit nutritional content remains poorly exploited. In this study, we demonstrated that the fruit‐specific overexpression of a constitutively active GAF domain Tyr252‐to‐His PHYB2 mutant version (PHYB2Y252H) significantly enhances the accumulation of multiple health‐promoting antioxidants in tomato fruits, without negative collateral consequences on vegetative development. Compared with the native PHYB2 overexpression, PHYB2Y252H‐overexpressing lines exhibited more extensive increments in transcript abundance of genes associated with fruit plastid development, chlorophyll biosynthesis and metabolic pathways responsible for the accumulation of antioxidant compounds. Accordingly, PHYB2Y252H‐overexpressing fruits developed more chloroplasts containing voluminous grana at the green stage and overaccumulated carotenoids, tocopherols, flavonoids and ascorbate in ripe fruits compared with both wild‐type and PHYB2‐overexpressing lines. The impacts of PHYB2 or PHYB2Y252H overexpression on fruit primary metabolism were limited to a slight promotion in lipid biosynthesis and reduction in sugar accumulation. Altogether, these findings indicate that mutation‐based adjustments in PHY properties represent a valuable photobiotechnological tool for tomato biofortification, highlighting the potential of photoreceptor engineering for improving quality traits in fleshy fruits.

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Section: Phyb2 Y252h -Induced Overaccumulation Of Bioactive Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Beyond the limits of photoperception: constitutively active PHYTOCHROME B2 overexpression as a means of improving fruit nutritional quality in tomato

Alves

Lira

Pikart

et al. 2020

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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“…The benzene quinone ring of ubiquinone is thought to be derived from 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HB), whereas the ring precursor for tocopherols and plastoquinone is homogentisic acid (HGA). The remaining steps for the biosynthesis of tocopherols, plastoquinone, and ubiquinone have been reviewed elsewhere (Liu and Lu 2016;Mene-Saffrane 2017;Fritsche et al 2017); this section will summarize metabolic origins of the HGA and 4-HB, which are key intermediates of the general tyrosine metabolism pathway.…”

Section: The General Tyrosine Metabolism Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

General and specialized tyrosine metabolism pathways in plants

Fang

et al. 2019

aBIOTECH

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The tyrosine metabolism pathway serves as a starting point for the production of a variety of structurally diverse natural compounds in plants, such as tocopherols, plastoquinone, ubiquinone, betalains, salidroside, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, and so on. Among these, tyrosine-derived metabolites, tocopherols, plastoquinone, and ubiquinone are essential to plant survival. In addition, this pathway provides us essential micronutrients (e.g., vitamin E and ubiquinone) and medicine (e.g., morphine, salidroside, and salvianolic acid B). However, our knowledge of the plant tyrosine metabolism pathway remains rudimentary, and genes encoding the pathway enzymes have not been fully defined. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in the tyrosine metabolism pathway, key enzymes, and important tyrosine-derived metabolites in plants.

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“…Tocotrienol is a functional food of obesity and diabetes by regulating adipogenesis and increase apoptosis of adipocytes and improve glucose homeostasis through 11 Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress [64]. Tocol is one of the most powerful antioxidants that has the ability to interact with polyunsaturated acyl groups and scavenge lipid peroxyl radicals and quench reactive oxygen species, thus protecting fatty acids from lipid peroxidation [163]. All barley pitas had the greatest antioxidant and vitamin E levels from barley malt flour [66].…”

Section: Tocols Mechanism Tocol (Tocopherols and Tocotrienols) Is Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanism of Functional Ingredients in Barley to Combat Human Chronic Diseases

Zeng

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Barley plays an important role in health and civilization of human migration from Africa to Asia, later to Eurasia. We demonstrated the systematic mechanism of functional ingredients in barley to combat chronic diseases, based on PubMed, CNKI, and ISI Web of Science databases from 2004 to 2020. Barley and its extracts are rich in 30 ingredients to combat more than 20 chronic diseases, which include the 14 similar and 9 different chronic diseases between grains and grass, due to the major molecular mechanism of six functional ingredients of barley grass (GABA, flavonoids, SOD, K-Ca, vitamins, and tryptophan) and grains (β-glucans, polyphenols, arabinoxylan, phytosterols, tocols, and resistant starch). The antioxidant activity of barley grass and grain has the same and different functional components. These results support findings that barley grain and its grass are the best functional food, promoting ancient Babylonian and Egyptian civilizations, and further show the depending functional ingredients for diet from Pliocene hominids in Africa and Neanderthals in Europe to modern humans in the world. This review paper not only reveals the formation and action mechanism of barley diet overcoming human chronic diseases, but also provides scientific basis for the development of health products and drugs for the prevention and treatment of human chronic diseases.

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Recent Advances in our Understanding of Tocopherol Biosynthesis in Plants: An Overview of Key Genes, Functions, and Breeding of Vitamin E Improved Crops

Cited by 150 publications

References 166 publications

Beyond the limits of photoperception: constitutively active PHYTOCHROME B2 overexpression as a means of improving fruit nutritional quality in tomato

Beyond the limits of photoperception: constitutively active PHYTOCHROME B2 overexpression as a means of improving fruit nutritional quality in tomato

General and specialized tyrosine metabolism pathways in plants

Molecular Mechanism of Functional Ingredients in Barley to Combat Human Chronic Diseases

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