“…QDs have many useful optical and chemical properties such as symmetric emission distributions, and high quantum yields, brightness, and light stability (Das, Bandyopadhyay, & Pramanik, 2018;Khan, Khan, & Zulfequar, 2017;Li, Qian, & Ren, 2005). QDs have been widely used in molecular biology (Tan et al, 2018), cell biology (Zhao et al, 2018), immunobiology (Li & Ding, 2016;Liao et al, 2019), and various detection applications (Gao, Zhao, Chen, & Fan, 2018;Gui, Jin, Wang, & Tan, 2017;Jiang, Wu, Xu, Qiao, & Xu, 2017;Kumar, Joanni, Singh, Singh, & Moshkalev, 2018;Yi & Shen, 2015). QDs are smaller than traditional enzyme and are therefore more suitable markers than enzymes in BIAs.…”