Recent advances in new oxidizers for solid rocket propulsion

Trache, Djalal; Klapötke, Thomas M.; Maiz, Lotfi; Abd‐Elghany, Mohamed; DeLuca, Luigi T.

doi:10.1039/c7gc01928a

Cited by 204 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…The thermal stability of energetic materials such as NC is a critical factor to evaluate the performance of the material and its use . Hence, the thermal properties of the investigated nitrated samples were studied by DSC at different heating rates (β = 5, 10, 15, and 20 °C min −1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Promising Energetic Polymer from Posidonia oceanica Brown Algae: Synthesis, Characterization, and Kinetic Modeling

Tarchoun

Trache

Klapötke

et al. 2019

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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In this study, microcrystalline cellulose nitrate (MCCN) as energetic polymer is successfully obtained from Posidonia oceanica brown algae (POBA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results show alterations in the intensities of some absorption bands, suggesting a significant difference in the chemical structure between microcrystalline cellulose and the emergent MCCN samples. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicate that MCCNs are more crystalline than conventional nitrocellulose (NC). According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM), both NC and MCCN reveal a compact structure and a rough surface. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) displays that the thermal degradation of MCCNs shifts to lower temperatures compared to the respective NCs. Furthermore, in comparison with NC samples, MCCN samples exhibit high density, high nitrogen content, low viscosity‐average molecular weight, and good thermal stability. On the other hand, kinetic modeling based on DSC data is carried out by isoconversional integral methods to determine Arrhenius parameters and the decomposition mechanisms. It is found that MCCNs present lower activation energies than conventional NCs with a decrease of ≈6%. Finally, this work opens a new pathway to prepare MCCN from POBA, and it is expected to have applications in several areas such as propellants, energetic binders, and gas generators.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Promising Energetic Polymer from Posidonia oceanica Brown Algae: Synthesis, Characterization, and Kinetic Modeling

Tarchoun

Trache

Klapötke

et al. 2019

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…Facing to the growing problems in global environmental area, to use environmentally friendly fully biodegradable green composites is substantially increased and expected by various industries and families. [ 1 ] Aside from the traditional composites consisting of the nondegradable thermoplastic polymers, [ 2 ] e.g., polyethylene, polyesters, poly(methyl methacrylate), and the thermosetting polymers such as the epoxy and polyurethane, the fully biodegradable green composites composing of renewable and sustainable resources [ 3–7 ] are recently greatly reported elsewhere. [ 8–13 ]…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Green Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Tea Polyphenol Composites and Super Anti‐Ultraviolet and ‐Bacterial Properties

Zhang

Shen

2020

Macro Materials & Eng

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Several fully green composites are prepared by taking the tea polyphenols (TP) with various percentages to blend with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The as‐prepared PVA/TP composite with only 5% TP shows superb anti‐UV properties even after water washing, the presented UV protection factor (UPF) value is still greater than that of the standard values reported by Australia and New Zealand (AS/NZS 4399‐1996). Moreover, the UPF value of those PVA/TP composites is found capable of furthermore enhancement by increasing the TP percent. This PVA/TP composite also shows good antibacterial and biodegradability while it is kept with certain mechanical properties to fit required application cases.

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“…Up to now, 2‐diazo‐4,6‐dinitrophenol (DDNP) remains to be the mainly metal‐free primary explosive in applications . Recently, environmental problems force the development of new generation of green primary explosives, which not only requires good thermal stability, mechanical insensitivity and better performance, but also has an environmentally friendly synthesis and detonation process to decrease environmental pollution .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Unique Synthesis of a Green Metal‐Free Primary Explosive: 3,3′‐azo‐5,5′‐diazido‐1,2,4‐triazole

Lei

Yang

Xiong

et al. 2019

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The unique synthesis of 3‐azido‐5‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (1) and a possible reaction process were described. The target compound 3,3′‐azo‐5,5′‐diazido‐1,2,4‐triazole (2) was obtained by further coupling reaction of compound 1 with potassium permanganate. Compound 2 was well characterized by NMR spectra, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The sensitivities towards impact and friction of 2 were characterized by BAM Fallhammer and BAM Friction. Compound 2 exhibited good density (1.68 g cm−3), good thermal stability (193 °C), high heat of formation (1345.1 kJ mol−1/5.468 kJ g−1), excellent detonation performance (26.7 GPa, 8345 m s−1 ) and acceptable sensitivity (IS=6 J, FS=72 N, EDS=0.224 J). Moreover, compound 2 was tested for its priming ability by detonating RDX. The result indicates that compound 2 could be used as a potential green metal‐free primary explosive.

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Recent advances in new oxidizers for solid rocket propulsion

Abstract: Recent progress in the synthesis and modification of green oxidizers and their application in solid rocket propellant formulations during these last few decades are reviewed.

Cited by 204 publications

References 124 publications

A Promising Energetic Polymer from Posidonia oceanica Brown Algae: Synthesis, Characterization, and Kinetic Modeling

A Promising Energetic Polymer from Posidonia oceanica Brown Algae: Synthesis, Characterization, and Kinetic Modeling

Fully Green Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Tea Polyphenol Composites and Super Anti‐Ultraviolet and ‐Bacterial Properties

The Unique Synthesis of a Green Metal‐Free Primary Explosive: 3,3′‐azo‐5,5′‐diazido‐1,2,4‐triazole

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