Recent Advances in Nanozymes for Bacteria-Infected Wound Therapy

Abstract

Bacterial-infected wounds are a serious threat to public health. Bacterial invasion can easily delay the wound healing process and even cause more serious damage. Therefore, effective new methods or drugs are needed to treat wounds. Nanozyme is an artificial enzyme that mimics the activity of a natural enzyme, and a substitute for natural enzymes by mimicking the coordination environment of the catalytic site. Due to the numerous excellent properties of nanozymes, the generation of drug-resistant bacteria can be avoided while treating bacterial infection wounds by catalyzing the sterilization mechanism of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Notably, there are still some defects in the nanozyme antibacterial agents, and the design direction is to realize the multifunctionalization and intelligence of a single system. In this review, we first discuss the pathophysiology of bacteria infected wound healing, the formation of bacterial infection wounds, and the strategies for treating bacterially infected wounds. In addition, the antibacterial advantages and mechanism of nanozymes for bacteria-infected wounds are also described. Importantly, a series of nanomaterials based on nanozyme synthesis for the treatment of infected wounds are emphasized. Finally, the challenges and prospects of nanozymes for treating bacterial infection wounds are proposed for future research in this field.

Tailoring the Surface and Composition of Nanozymes for Enhanced Bacterial Binding and Antibacterial Activity

“…Further efforts are needed to design and synthesize advanced nanostructures to enhance the catalytic activity of nanozymes, which will contribute to more effective antibacterial therapies. 2)The surface design is important to enhance the bacterial adhesion to nanozymes and achieve desirable catalytic performance, such as surface bio/chemical recognition, surface charge, or surface topography. [ 161–163 ] Surface bio/chemical recognition can be achieved by coating nanozymes with specific biomolecules or ligands that bind to the bacterial cell surface, allowing for more efficient scavenging of ROS at the site of infection. Additionally, modifying the surface charge of nanozymes based on their electrostatic properties can also improve bacterial adhesion.…”

Single-atom nanozymes as promising catalysts for biosensing and biomedical applications

“…ROS can act as powerful weapons against pathogen invasion by dis- integrating the structure of biofilms, while avoiding the generation of drug-resistant strains through the effective damage of bacterial cells. 177,178 SAzymes possess unique advantages as compared with traditional antibacterial agents, such as high efficiency, low cost, good biocompatibility, non-cytotoxicity and adjustable enzyme activity, where the bactericidal mechanism is primarily based on in vivo decomposition of hydrogen peroxide or oxygen to ROS. 179 Previous reports have shown that Cu SAzyme exhibited excellent antibacterial activity.…”

Enhanced “Electronic Tongue” for Dental Bacterial Discrimination and Elimination Based on a DNA-Encoded Nanozyme Sensor Array

“…Recently, nanozymes, e.g., nanomaterials with enzyme-mimicking activity, have drawn increasing attention due to the good stability, cost effectiveness, and high catalytic efficiency . Up to now, various nanozymes have been synthesized, such as metal oxide, − noble metal, , carbon, − and metal–organic framework (MOF)-based nanomaterials, − which demonstrate great potential in the fields of therapy, − biosensing, , and antibacteria. − Nanozyme-based sensor arrays for bacterial identification have also been reported. Nevertheless, most of these sensor arrays consist of multiple nanozymes and cannot kill bacteria in time.…”