Enhanced “Electronic Tongue” for Dental Bacterial Discrimination and Elimination Based on a DNA-Encoded Nanozyme Sensor Array

Abstract

Bacterial infections are the second leading cause of death around the world, especially those caused by delayed treatment and misdiagnosis. Therefore, rapid discrimination and effective elimination of multiple bacteria are of great importance for improving the survival rate in clinic. Herein, a novel colorimetric sensor array for bacterial discrimination and elimination is constructed using programmable DNA-encoded iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) as sensing elements. Utilizing differential interactions of bacteria on DNA-encoded IONPs, 11 kinds of dental bacteria and 6 kinds of proteins have been successfully identified by linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Moreover, the developed sensing system also performs well in the quantitative determination of individual bacteria and identification of bacterial mixtures. More importantly, the practicability of this sensing strategy is further verified by precise differentiation of blind and artificial saliva samples. Furthermore, the sensor array is used for efficiently killing multiple bacteria, demonstrating great potential in clinical prophylaxis and therapy.

Development of Optical Differential Sensing Based on Nanomaterials for Biological Analysis

“…Other metal nanoparticles, such as Fe 3 O 4 NPs, AgNPs, MoS 2 , and CuS NPs, were also prepared to develop sensor arrays for the discrimination of proteins, bacteria, and cells [78,[176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183]. Scientists fabricated dopamine and trimethylammonium functionalized Fe 3 O 4 NPs, which were able to catalyze the oxidation of colorless ABTS to become a green product in the presence of H 2 O 2 [66].…”