Recent advances in nanostructured metal phosphides as promising anode materials for rechargeable batteries

Abstract

Recently, metal phosphides have been extensively investigated as promising anode materials for rechargeable batteries ascribing to their good electrical conductivities and favorable electrochemical performances. These materials usually exhibit conversion-type (and...

In situ construction of flower-like CoP-in-carbon anode materials for high-rate and long-term lithium ion batteries

“…Two reduction peaks at about 1.44 and 0.55 V are observed in the first cathodic scan and can be ascribed to the electrolyte decomposition/formation of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and the conversion reaction of CoP to metallic Co and Li 3 P, respectively. 3 In the first anodic curve, the two oxidation peaks located at about 1.69 and 1.90 V are associated with the Co and Li 3 P oxidized to CoP. 4 In the second scan, the reduction peaks are positively shifted to 1.63 and 0.80 V, implying the enhanced reaction kinetics as a result of possible structural adjustments under electrochemical cycling.…”

“…CoP: 894 mA h g À1 /5737 mA h cm À3 , FeP: 926 mA h g À1 /5729 mA h cm À3 , Ni 2 P: 542 mA h g À1 /3902 mA h cm À3 ), high reactivity, low redox potential, safety and low cost. 3,4 In addition, the electrochemical reaction products of TMPs (Li 3 P: >10 À4 S cm À1 ) possess advantageous conductivity over the lithiated products of other conversion-type anode materials such as oxides (Li 2 O: 5 Â 10 À8 S cm À1 ) and suldes (Li 2 S: 10 À13 S cm À1 ), which is conducive to improving the cycle reversibility of anode materials. 5,6 Although TMPs manifest distinctive advantages as high-capacity anode materials, their practical application still faces serious bottlenecks: low rate performance and poor cycle life caused by the huge volume expansion (>200%) and inferior electronic conductivity.…”

Layered Tin Phosphide Composites as Promising Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…As one of the critical components in LIBs, anode materials with limited reversible capacity, inferior rate capability, and safety issues often impede the overall performance and large-scale applications of LIBs. 5 To address the above-mentioned issues and meet the requirements of high energy density and high safety of LIBs, numerous anode materials have been widely explored, such as metal oxides, 6 sulfides, 7 thiophosphates, 8,9 and phosphides. 10 Although metal oxides show high theoretical capacities, great efforts must be devoted to improving the initial coulombic efficiency, as the lithium source in the cathode for a LIB is limited.…”

“…To address the above-mentioned issues and meet the requirements of high energy density and high safety of LIBs, numerous anode materials have been widely explored, such as metal oxides, sulfides, thiophosphates, , and phosphides . Although metal oxides show high theoretical capacities, great efforts must be devoted to improving the initial coulombic efficiency, as the lithium source in the cathode for a LIB is limited.…”

In‐Situ Templating Growth of Homeostatic GeP Nano‐Bar Corals with Fast Electron‐Ion Transportation Pathways for High Performance Li‐ion Batteries

“…Among them, GeP n possesses a layered structure with 15 times higher electronic conductivity than black P [13d] . Moreover, the active reaction of Ge with Li at a different lithiation onset potential than P provides extended Li storage, which significantly distinguishes GeP n from other inactive metal‐based compounds that fail to reach 1200 mAh g −1 in specific capacity [13c, 14] . As a relatively new member of the GeP n family, GeP features appealing attributes such as extended Ge coverage for better conductivity, restriction of P pulverization for stable cycling and low formation energy for facile structure organization [15] .…”