Recent Advances in Nanomaterial‐Based Nanoplatforms for Chemodynamic Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Triggered by the endogenous chemical energy in the tumor microenvironment (TME), chemodynamic therapy (CDT) as an emerging non-exogenous stimulant therapeutic modality has received increasing attention in recent years. The chemodynamic agents can convert internal hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) into the lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) for oncotherapy. Compared with other therapeutic modalities, CDT possesses many notable advantages, such as tumor-specific, highly selective, fewer systemic side effects, and no need for external stimulation. Nevertheless, mild acid pH, low H 2 O 2 content, and overexpressed reducing substance in TME severely suppressed the CDT efficiency. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, some kinds of nanomaterials have been utilized with improved CDT efficiency. In particular, the excellent photo-, ultrasound-, magnetic-, and other stimuli-response properties of nanomaterials make it possible for combination cancer therapy of CDT with other therapeutic modalities, and it has shown superior anti-cancer activity than monotherapies. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the application of nanomaterial-based chemodynamic cancer therapy. In this review, the various nanomaterials-based nanoplatforms for CDT and its combinational therapies are summarized and discussed, aiming to provide inspiration for the design of better-quality agents to promote the CDT development and lay the foundation for its future conversion to clinical applications.

Construction of Novel Nanocomposites (Cu-MOF/GOD@HA) for Chemodynamic Therapy

“…During the treatment process, the mice in control (PBS) and experimental groups exhibit virtually no difference in their body weight, indicating negligible systemic toxicity of Cu-MOF, Cu-MOF/GOD and Cu-MOF/GOD@HA itself (Figure S11A). As shown in Figure S11B, tumor sizes in the PBS group were evidently increased from~100 mm 3 tõ 774 mm 3 . the tumor sizes in the groups by injecting 2.5 mg kg -1 Cu-MOF, Cu-MOF/GOD were increased from~90 mm 3 to~238, 95 mm 3 , respectively.…”

“…Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an emerging cancer treatment, which depends on the Fenton or Fenton-like reactions to obtain highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for killing cancer cells [1]. The Fe/hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) system is defined as the Fenton reagent, and the others (e.g., Co, Cd, Cu, Ag, Mn, Ni) are called Fenton-like reagents [2][3][4][5][6]. Compared with normal cells, the tumor microenvironment is characterized by overexpression of H 2 O 2 , glutathione (GSH) and weak acidity [7,8].…”

Application of Nano-Drug Delivery System Based on Cascade Technology in Cancer Treatment

“…Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a therapeutic method that can induce ROS in tumor cells and break the balance of intracellular redox/oxidation state [ 69 , 70 , 71 ]. However, the progress of CDT excessively depends on the reaction conditions, such as the content of H 2 O 2 , which is limited in TME [ 72 , 73 ].…”

Nanocatalyst‐Mediated Chemodynamic Tumor Therapy

“…To address these issues, various nanocatalysts and strategies have been designed and developed in recent years. [43,53] In this review, we systematically summarize and discuss the recent progress on development and application of various types of nanocatalysts and strategies for improving CDT (Figure 1). Among these strategies, regulating the TME (pH, and the level of reductive substances and H 2 O 2 ), and enhancing the efficiency of catalysts (microenvironmental responsiveness, and recycling ability) have been highlighted.…”