Recent Advances in Nanocarrier-Assisted Therapeutics Delivery Systems

Abstract

Nanotechnologies have attracted increasing attention in their application in medicine, especially in the development of new drug delivery systems. With the help of nano-sized carriers, drugs can reach specific diseased areas, prolonging therapeutic efficacy while decreasing undesired side-effects. In addition, recent nanotechnological advances, such as surface stabilization and stimuli-responsive functionalization have also significantly improved the targeting capacity and therapeutic efficacy of the nanocarrier assisted drug delivery system. In this review, we evaluate recent advances in the development of different nanocarriers and their applications in therapeutics delivery.

Oligonucleotide-Based Therapies for Renal Diseases

“…The chemical composition of NPs usually includes immunochemical inert materials, which are nontoxic and biodegradable, such as cationic polymers that are able to condense high amounts of nucleic acids via electrostatic interactions. Another alternative is the use of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) with enhanced cellular uptake and endosomal escape [ 4 , 59 , 131 , 132 ]. The use of liposomes for efficient kidney delivery of ONs was evaluated by Chae et al in 2006 [ 53 ].…”

“…The size and shape of polymers comprises a range of assemblies, including linear and branched polymers, micelles, dendrimers or solid NPs, which can also present cubical, spherical, hexagonal, or rod-like shapes. LNPs generally present sizes of around 30–120 nm, wherein the nucleic acid can directly interact with lipids by electrostatic forces (lipoplexes) or can be encapsulated by a lipid bilayer (liposomes and exosomes) [ 4 , 132 ]. Indeed, controlling particle size could be crucial for improving cellular uptake, circulation half-life and kidney targeting.…”

Advances in Drug Delivery Nanosystems Using Graphene-Based Materials and Carbon Nanotubes

“…Efforts to miniaturize them from macro-dimensions (>1 mm) to micro-, submicro- to nano-dimensions can be traced back to the 1990s, with great progress in recent years being made with the massive introduction of nanotechnologies [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Extremely popular are various nanoemulsions of lipidoid formations or colloidal nanodispersions of nanocrystals, i.e., nanoliposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (NPs), and various other nanovesicles, dendrimers, polymer systems, tubules and quantum dots (QDs) are used as drug carriers [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Currently, nanoforms made from non-toxic biodegradable materials are preferred; however, in the case of nanoformulations for cancer therapy or diagnosis, inorganic carriers such as NPs of metals, metal oxides, metalloids and carbon are also used, which often potentiate the effect of the API itself [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Synthesis and physicochemical evaluation of fluorinated lipopeptide precursors of ligands for microbubble targeting

“…Various nano-and microsystems, including micelles, liposomes and microbubbles, have been developed as imaging agents and to selectively deliver chemotherapeutics to tumor cells [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Increased specificity for tumor cells can be gained through ligandmediated active targeting, which involves the use of targeting ligands, such as monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments, proteins, peptides, and other small molecules, including vitamins and carbohydrates [7,8].…”

“…Rapid image acquisition was achieved using a Lumenera Infinity 2 chargecoupled device (CCD) camera (Lumenera, Ottawa, Canada). Bubble mean diameter and distribution width after preparation and upon time were determined on 5−10 slides using Fiji (an open-source image processing package[41]) and the standard deviations were calculated using Origin9 (OriginLab Corp. Northampton, MA, USA).Supporting InformationMass spectrometry data and RP-HPLC chromatograms of lipopeptides(1)(2)(3)(4).induces disaggregation of nanodiamond clusters and enhanced adsorption, enabling medical microbubble formation ACS Appl. Nano Mater.…”