Recent advances in liquid-metal-based wearable electronics and materials

Won, Phillip; Jeong, Seong‐Min; Majidi, Carmel; Ko, Seung Hwan

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102698

Cited by 62 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…Nanowire-based random network and liquid metal are two more techniques to create the stretchy connection [31,32]. At body temperature, liquid metal has metal-like conductivity, yet due to the nature of the liquid, it does not fail under strain, allowing for extremely flexile interconnects [33,34]. Depending on the type and purpose of the wearable sensing device, a variety of materials can be used as active materials [35].…”

Section: Materials Requirement Of Wearable Sensing Apparatusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revolution in Flexible Wearable Electronics for Temperature and Pressure Monitoring—A Review

2022

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In the last few decades, technology innovation has had a huge influence on our lives and well-being. Various factors of observing our physiological characteristics are taken into account. Wearable sensing tools are one of the most imperative sectors that are now trending and are expected to grow significantly in the coming days. Externally utilized tools connected to any human to assess physiological characteristics of interest are known as wearable sensors. Wearable sensors range in size from tiny to large tools that are physically affixed to the user and operate on wired or wireless terms. With increasing technological capabilities and a greater grasp of current research procedures, the usage of wearable sensors has a brighter future. In this review paper, the recent developments of two important types of wearable electronics apparatuses have been discussed for temperature and pressure sensing (Psensing) applications. Temperature sensing (Tsensing) is one of the most important physiological factors for determining human body temperature, with a focus on patients with long-term chronic conditions, normally healthy, unconscious, and injured patients receiving surgical treatment, as well as the health of medical personnel. Flexile Psensing devices are classified into three categories established on their transduction mechanisms: piezoresistive, capacitive, and piezoelectric. Many efforts have been made to enhance the characteristics of the flexible Psensing devices established on these mechanisms.

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Section: Materials Requirement Of Wearable Sensing Apparatusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revolution in Flexible Wearable Electronics for Temperature and Pressure Monitoring—A Review

2022

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“…The resurgence of interest in LMs in the sensing and wiring functional properties of soft wearable electronic materials has brought tremendous advances to wearable electronics and materials. Various forms of LM enable many routes to manufacture flexible sensors, circuits and wearable functional wearable devices with many ideal properties [61].…”

Section: Wearable Devices and Flexible Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Metal-Based Devices: Material Properties, Fabrication and Functionalities

et al. 2021

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This paper reviews the material properties, fabrication and functionalities of liquid metal-based devices. In modern wireless communication technology, adaptability and versatility have become attractive features of any communication device. Compared with traditional conductors such as copper, the flow characteristics and lack of elastic limit of conductive fluids make them ideal alternatives for applications such as flexible circuits, soft electronic devices, wearable stretch sensors, and reconfigurable antennas. These fluid properties also allow for innovative manufacturing techniques such as 3-D printing, injecting or spraying conductive fluids on rigid/flexible substrates. Compared with traditional high-frequency switching methods, liquid metal (LM) can easily use micropumps or an electrochemically controlled capillary method to achieve reconfigurability of the device. The movement of LM over a large physical dimension enhances the reconfigurable state of the antenna, without depending on nonlinear materials or mechanisms. When LM is applied to wearable devices and sensors such as electronic skins (e-skins) and strain sensors, it consistently exhibits mechanical fatigue resistance and can maintain good electrical stability under a certain degree of stretching. When LM is used in microwave devices and paired with elastic linings such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the shape and size of the devices can be changed according to actual needs to meet the requirements of flexibility and a multistate frequency band. In this work, we discuss the material properties, fabrication and functionalities of LM.

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“…While traditional rigid electronics currently make up the majority of devices used in our everyday lives, the field of flexible electronics has emerged as a viable alternative over the past decade. The growing need for lightweight mobile electronics, real-time health monitoring, and wearable displays has increased the industrial importance of wearable and flexible devices [1][2][3][4]. Skin-inspired wearable devices hold great potential for the next generation of smart wearable electronics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsically Stretchable Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Conducting Polymer Film for Flexible Electronics

et al. 2022

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The aim of this study was to synthesize an intrinsically stretchable conductive polymer (CP) by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). For this purpose, poly(3,4-ethyilenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was synthesized as a backbone, while poly(acrylate-urethane) (PAU) was grafted onto the PEDOT backbone to form graft polymers PEDOT-g-PAU. Different concentrations of acrylate-urethane (AU) were used to synthesize PAU side chains of different lengths. The successful synthesis of the obtained intermediates and products (PEDOT-g-PAU) was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Thermal properties were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, while conductivity was determined by four-point probe measurement. A simple tensile test was performed to characterize the ductility of the samples. PEDOT-g-PAU has shown high stretchability of up to 500% and, therefore, could potentially be used in skin-worn flexible electronics, while additional subsequent doping is required to improve the deterioration of electrical properties after the addition of the insulating urethane layer.

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Recent advances in liquid-metal-based wearable electronics and materials

Cited by 62 publications

References 139 publications

Revolution in Flexible Wearable Electronics for Temperature and Pressure Monitoring—A Review

Revolution in Flexible Wearable Electronics for Temperature and Pressure Monitoring—A Review

Liquid Metal-Based Devices: Material Properties, Fabrication and Functionalities

Intrinsically Stretchable Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Conducting Polymer Film for Flexible Electronics

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