Recent Advances in Lipid Derived Bio‐Based Materials for Food Packaging Applications

Abstract

The utilization of lipids is presently in the spotlight of food industry as they are one of novel renewable and sustainable raw materials. Lipids derived materials are considered as a promising alternate to petro‐based polymers as they are sustainable, biorenewable, biodegradable, and environmentally benign. These unique attributes draw the attention of scientific community for the use of lipids in food packaging applications with a potential to compete with fossil fuel derived polymers. This paper reviews recent advances in the use of lipids and their effect on the barrier, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and mechanical properties of films, coating and nanocomposites for food packaging applications. Modification of lipids and its chemical interactions with other biopolymers during processing for the synthesis of different materials are also discussed. Global patents and research trend in use of lipids for the preparation of biocomposites are also described. The role of lipids in the circular economy is highlighted and life cycle assessment of lipids derived products is outlined with examples. The review is concluded with synoptic view of existing and forthcoming potential use of lipids in various food packaging applications.

Snedds as Lipid-Based Nanocarrier Systems: Concepts and Formulation Insights

“…Nanocarriers provide several advantages, such as preventing active drugs from degrading, allowing for higher and more efficient concentrations in the target tissue, and reducing the severity of toxic side effects [16]. The lipid-based nanocarriers have greater importance due to their low toxicity [17], high drug-loading capacity [18], improved bioavailability [19], high biocompatibility [20], high protection from degradation in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT [21], controlled-release behavior [3], ease to scale-up and sterilize [6], easy to validate [2], and also useful for the administration of drugs through different routes [17]. Unique properties like, tailorable surface to apply any targeting strategy, and an improved bio distribution and pharmacokinetic profile makes lipid-based system as a unique approach.…”

“…Based on the physical state, lipid-based nanocarriers are classified as self-emulsifying drug delivery systems(SEDDS) [23], vesicular approaches, and non-vesicular approaches [19]. The sub classification of the same depicted in fig.…”

“…Vesicular systems consists of a mixture of phospholipids, polymeric materials, and solvents [21]. One or more concentric bilayers are formed by self-assembling of amphiphile [19]. The drug is enclosed in between the phosphor-lipid bilayer.…”

“…In the GIT, various enzymes (gastric lipase and pancreatic lipase) and intestinal components like phospholipids, proteins, polysaccharides, and amphiphilic materials are present [17]. Lipid formulations undergo emulsification in the GIT after its oral administration [19]. Gastric motility, gastric emptying speed, intestinal components and various enzymes play a major role in the emulsification of lipids [10].…”

“…Type III A and Type III B formulations uses oils, surfactants, and cosolvents [19]. Type IV formulations use water-soluble emulsifiers and co-solvents(propylene glycol and ethanol) to enhance drug solubilization by undergoing drug colloidal dispersion [25].…”