Recent Advances in Laser‐Induced Graphene: Mechanism, Fabrication, Properties, and Applications in Flexible Electronics

Abstract

Laser‐induced graphene (LIG) is a newly emerging 3D porous material produced when irradiating a laser beam on certain carbon materials. LIG exhibits high porosity, excellent electrical conductivity, and good mechanical flexibility. Predesigned LIG patterns can be directly fabricated on diverse carbon materials with controllable microstructure, surface property, electrical conductivity, chemical composition, and heteroatom doping. This selective, low‐cost, chemical‐free, and maskless patterning technology minimizes the usage of raw materials, diminishes the environmental impact, and enables a wide range of applications ranging from academia to industry. In this review, the recent developments in 3D porous LIG are comprehensively summarized. The mechanism of LIG formation is first introduced with a focus on laser‐material interactions and material transformations during laser irradiation. The effects of laser types, fabrication parameters, and lasing environment on LIG structures and properties are thoroughly discussed. The potentials of LIG for advanced applications including biosensors, physical sensors, supercapacitors, batteries, triboelectric nanogenerators, and so on are also highlighted. Finally, current challenges and future prospects of LIG research are discussed.

Rapid Laser-Induced Highly Dispersed and Ultrafine N-Doped Graphene-Wrapped FeCo2O4 Nanoparticles for Nearly 100% Utilization and Conversion of Peroxymonosulfate into Singlet Oxygen

“…21−23 Recently, a laserinduced technique has been extensively applied to engrave sensor patterns with controlled morphology owing to its simplicity, low cost, and high processing speeds. 24 This technology is capable of generating instantaneous localized high temperatures (2500 °C) and rapidly carbonizing materials in air. 25,26 However, the application of this technique to prepare catalysts with core−shell structures has rarely been reported.…”

“…Ma et al synthesized the structure of activated carbon-coated cobalt ferrate (AC@CoFe 2 O 4 ), which also required multiple and complicated preparation processes such as long soaking, multi-step dosing and stirring, and constant temperature heating . In general, extensive durations of high temperature conditions and an inert gas environment are needed for the preparation methods of catalysts with core–shell structures based on the majority of the previous literature. − Recently, a laser-induced technique has been extensively applied to engrave sensor patterns with controlled morphology owing to its simplicity, low cost, and high processing speeds . This technology is capable of generating instantaneous localized high temperatures (2500 °C) and rapidly carbonizing materials in air. , However, the application of this technique to prepare catalysts with core–shell structures has rarely been reported.…”

Paper-based laser-pyrolyzed electrofluidics: an electrochemical platform for capillary-driven diagnostic bioassays

“…Despite the rapidly growing interest in laser-induced graphenization, underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood (33). The pyrolysis of polyimide involves the transformation of a homogeneous polymer solid into a foam-like structure due to the rapid generation of gaseous products during the photothermal process (18,33).…”

“…Despite the rapidly growing interest in laser-induced graphenization, underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood (33). The pyrolysis of polyimide involves the transformation of a homogeneous polymer solid into a foam-like structure due to the rapid generation of gaseous products during the photothermal process (18,33). The pyrolysis of cellulose is more challenging, since the porous and fragile nature of the substrate, combined with its high oxygen content and lack of aromaticity, reduces the window of process conditions suitable for successful graphenization.…”

Continuous Patterning of Silver Nanowire-Polyvinylpyrrolidone Composite Transparent Conductive Film by a Roll-to-Roll Selective Calendering Process

“…Recently, extensive studies have been carried out on devices with flexible, stretchable, and wearable characteristics in the electronics industry. Flexible electronic devices such as transistors, electronic paper, memory, organic light-emitting diodes, sensors, solar cells, and batteries [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] have been reported using micro/nano material- and structural-based technologies. The flexibility must be approached from the complex viewpoint of materials and manufacturing processes, including miniaturization, lightweight, efficiency, and yield.…”