Recent advances in hierarchical anode designs of TiO₂‐B nanostructures for lithium‐ion batteries

Abstract

The state-of-the-art development progress of the fabrication, design, modification, and applications of TiO 2 -B-based hierarchical nanostructures with a wellcontrolled size and morphology in lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications has been summarized and discussed. Based on studying on lithiation/delithiation on mechanisms of a typical metal oxide nanomaterials, along with doping with foreign atoms (metal or non-metal), using electronically conductive additives (graphene/graphene derivatives), as well as designing and using hierarchical anode-material nanostructures (hybrids/composites) containing two or more constituents in LIB applications, these strategies have provided many great opportunities to take maximum advantage of both the high capacity and rate capacity while avoiding significant capacity loss after charge/discharge cycling. In this review, the advances in TiO 2 -B-based anode structures at the nanoscale for LIBs have been discussed in two major sections, including (a) hierarchical heterostructures based on TiO 2 -B and metal, non-metal, transition metal oxides (TMOs), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs); and (b) hybrid designs/nanocomposites between TiO 2 -B and graphene/graphene derivatives. The in-depth understanding of structure-property relationships as well as detailed suggestions on the mechanism, reason, and origin of the excellent enhancement in electrochemical performance in the above strategies, has been presented and highlighted. K E Y W O R D S advanced anodes, bronze TiO 2 (B), composite anodes, hybrid anodes, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)

Development of Bronze Phase Titanium Dioxide Nanorods for Use as Fast-Charging Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…These observations also implied that the surface distortion of TIO180_12 was more common, resulting in faster Li diffusion. 18 Nevertheless, the differences in D Li from each material were not significantly distinctive and has not influenced much during cycle performance tests.…”

“…), were compared with TiO 2 (B) in the literature, as illustrated in Table S1. It was found that carbon-based materials have a specific capacity close to TiO 2 (B) (theoretical specific capacity 335 mAh/g) , including graphene, which has two faces on the 2-dimensional carbon sheets. However, graphene has some disadvantages.…”

Effect of Oxygen Vacancies and F-Doping on TiO2(B) as Anode for Mg-Ion Batteries

“…As an anode for lithium-ion batteries, TiO 2 has been widely studied due to its good structural and cyclic stability, long cycle life, good safety, and low cost. − The bronze phase TiO 2 (TiO 2 (B)) has the highest theoretical capacity since it has the lowest density among TiO 2 polycrystals. − Moreover, it has been reported that the magnesium borohydride/tetraglyme electrolyte, , PhMgCl-AlCl 3 + LiCl/THF electrolyte and an all-phenyl complex/THF electrolyte , can be matched with TiO 2 and a Mg-metal electrode, although the options are limited. However, because of the poor mobility of Mg 2+ and the low conductivity of TiO 2 due to the wide band gap (about 3.2 eV), , experiments show that TiO 2 (B) is difficult to be inserted by Mg ions and exhibits low circulation capacity. ,, In addition, TiO 2 (B) has also been reported that when it is used as MIB electrode, it is mainly based on a pseudo capacitive reaction of surface storage, which does not involve the dis/insertion of ions within the host material and shows 110 mAh g –1 at the 0.1C rate. , Therefore, it is necessary to discuss whether the existing modification means can make TiO 2 a reversible MIB electrode by enhancing its performance.…”

A Nanohybrid Containing Cyan‐Emitting Copper Nanoclusters and TiO2 Nanoparticles: Tuning of Optoelectronic Properties

“…[8] Since the discovery of photochemical water splitting using titania (TiO 2 ) electrode in 1972, [13] this environmentally benign, cost-effective oxide has become the most used semiconducting material as photocatalyst. [14] Due to its surface, electronic and photocatalytic properties it has been used in the fields of photochemical dye degradation [15] , fuel cell [16] , lithium ion batteries [17] and biosensors [18] . In the current study, the anatase form of TiO 2 has been preferred over its other polymorphs because of its highest electron mobility.…”