Recent Advances in Health Benefits of Stilbenoids

Abstract

Biological targeting or molecular targeting is the main strategy in drug development and disease prevention. However, the problem of “off-targets” cannot be neglected. Naturally derived drugs are preferred over synthetic compounds in pharmaceutical markets, and the main goals are high effectiveness, lower cost, and fewer side effects. Single-target drug binding may be the major cause of failure, as the pathogenesis of diseases is predominantly multifactorial. Naturally derived drugs are advantageous because they are expected to have multitarget effects, but not off-targets, in disease prevention or therapeutic actions. The capability of phytochemicals to modulate molecular signals in numerous diseases has been widely discussed. Among them, stilbenoids, especially resveratrol, have been well-studied, along with their potential molecular targets, including AMPK, Sirt1, NF-κB, PKC, Nrf2, and PPARs. The analogues of resveratrol, pterostilbene, and hydroxylated-pterostilbene may have similar, if not more, potential biological targeting effects compared with their original counterpart. Furthermore, new targets that have been discussed in recent studies are reviewed in this paper.

Differential Protective Effect of Resveratrol and Its Microbial Metabolites on Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction is Mediated by the AMPK Pathway

“…13,14 Resveratrol (RES) is a natural polyphenol present in several plants and fruits (grapes, blueberries, peanuts, etc.). 15 The dietary supplements of RES could ameliorate intestinal barrier loss, oxidative stress, and intestinal inflammation in colitis models. 16−19 However, the intervention effect of RES on inflammation in clinical trials remains controversial.…”

“…Resveratrol (RES) is a natural polyphenol present in several plants and fruits (grapes, blueberries, peanuts, etc.) . The dietary supplements of RES could ameliorate intestinal barrier loss, oxidative stress, and intestinal inflammation in colitis models. − However, the intervention effect of RES on inflammation in clinical trials remains controversial. − Recent studies have revealed the critical role of gut microbes, especially the interindividual differences in microbial metabolism in the health effects of polyphenols. , For example, ellagitannin and ellagic acid, which are abundant in pomegranate, improved serum cardiovascular markers in subjects only when the gut microbiota produces isourolithin A and/or urolithin B .…”

Protective Effect of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) on High-Fructose and High-Salt Diet-Induced Hypertension: Relevant to Improvement of Renal and Intestinal Function

“…It was found that stilbenes, dihydropyranones, and flavonoids are abundant in coriander. Stilbenes are a small group of phenylpropanoids that have been reported to be of significant medicinal value with strong cardioprotective activities. , Dihydropyranones are precursors of flavonoids, which are a large group of plant-derived polyphenolic components. Numerous studies have demonstrated that flavonoids can lower the blood pressure, protect against endothelial dysfunction, and improve the lipid metabolism. , Jennings et al highlight the significant role of gut microbiota in the association between flavonoid consumption and low blood pressure .…”

Based on Network Pharmacology and Gut Microbiota Analysis to Investigate the Mechanism of the Laxative Effect of Pterostilbene on Loperamide-Induced Slow Transit Constipation in Mice

“…It has been found to have a protective effect in colitis caused by high-fat diet and dextran sulfate sodium ( Chen et al, 2021 ) ( Fan-Jiang et al, 2021 ). Previous studies also found that polyphenol compounds had the effect of promoting the motility of the gut ( Koh et al, 2021 ). In addition, PTE has also been shown to improve the disordered intestinal microflora of rats fed high-fat ( Milton-Laskibar et al, 2021 ).…”