Recent Advances in Elucidating Nematode Moulting – Prospects of Using Oesophagostomum dentatum as a Model

Ondrovics, Martina; Gasser, Robin B.; Joachim, Anja

doi:10.1016/bs.apar.2015.09.001

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…Although complete larval ecdysis has been observed while the larvae were cultured in vitro, the molting mechanism was not clarified in as much detail as, for instance, in certain free-living nematodes such as Caenorhabditis elegans [12, 13, 31]. Advances in proteomics, genomics and bioinformatics techniques have provided a feasible way to study the molecular basis of nematode larval ecdysis and development [32]. In the present work, proteomic profiles of T. spiralis ML and 10 h IIL were analyzed with LC–MS/MS to identify the molting-related proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of molting-related proteins of Trichinella spiralis intestinal infective larvae

Ren

Liu

Song

et al. 2019

Vet Res

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Molting is a key step for body-size expansion and environmental adaptation of parasitic nematodes, and it is extremely important for Trichinella spiralis growth and development, but the molting mechanism is not fully understood. In this work, label-free LC–MS/MS was used to determine the proteome differences between T. spiralis muscle larvae (ML) at the encapsulated stage and intestinal infective larvae (IIL) at the molting stage. The results showed that a total of 2885 T. spiralis proteins were identified, 323 of which were differentially expressed. These proteins were involved in cuticle structural elements, regulation of cuticle synthesis, remodeling and degradation, and hormonal regulation of molting. These differential proteins were also involved in diverse intracellular pathways, such as fatty acid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, and mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis. qPCR results showed that five T. spiralis genes (cuticle collagen 14, putative DOMON domain-containing protein, glutamine synthetase, cathepsin F and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase) had significantly higher transcriptional levels in 10 h IIL than ML (P < 0.05), which were similar to their protein expression levels, suggesting that they might be T. spiralis molting-related genes. Identification and characterization of T. spiralis molting-related proteins will be helpful for developing vaccines and new drugs against the early enteral stage of T. spiralis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of molting-related proteins of Trichinella spiralis intestinal infective larvae

Ren

Liu

Song

et al. 2019

Vet Res

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“…Cysteine peptidases, such as cathepsins, are well known for H. contortus and related strongylids as as result of their immune-protective properties (50,90,91). Cysteine proteases are highly abundant in excretory/secretory products and are involved in host digestion, immune evasion, nutrition acquisition, and cuticle molting in nematodes (92)(93)(94).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During molting in nematodes, cysteine proteases are released to breakdown the old cuticle (95)(96)(97). Cuticle components, such as collagen, tenascin, laminin, and galactosyltransferases (all required in the development of new cuticle) (94,98,99), were linked to genes with suppressed transcription upon deguelin exposure. Downregulation of genes that encode the structural proteins and key stage-specific enzymes supports the altered shape and structure of the cuticle as well as the inhibition of L4 development after in vitro exposure to deguelin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deguelin exerts potent nematocidal activity via the mitochondrial respiratory chain

et al. 2017

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As a result of limited classes of anthelmintics and an over-reliance on chemical control, there is a great need to discover new compounds to combat drug resistance in parasitic nematodes. Here, we show that deguelin, a plant-derived rotenoid, selectively and potently inhibits the motility and development of nematodes, which supports its potential as a lead candidate for drug development. Furthermore, we demonstrate that deguelin treatment significantly increases gene transcription that is associated with energy metabolism, particularly oxidative phosphorylation and mitoribosomal protein production before inhibiting motility. Mitochondrial tracking confirmed enhanced oxidative phosphorylation. In accordance, real-time measurements of oxidative phosphorylation in response to deguelin treatment demonstrated an immediate decrease in oxygen consumption in both parasitic () and free-living () nematodes. Consequently, we hypothesize that deguelin is exerting its toxic effect on nematodes as a modulator of oxidative phosphorylation. This study highlights the dynamic biologic response of multicellular organisms to deguelin perturbation.-Preston, S., Korhonen, P. K., Mouchiroud, L., Cornaglia, M., McGee, S. L., Young, N. D., Davis, R. A., Crawford, S., Nowell, C., Ansell, B. R. E., Fisher, G. M., Andrews, K. T., Chang, B. C. H., Gijs, M. A. M., Sternberg, P. W., Auwerx, J., Baell, J., Hofmann, A., Jabbar, A., Gasser, R. B. Deguelin exerts potent nematocidal activity the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

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“…groups such as scalidophorans and nematoidans is much less well understood, except for certain parasitic nematoidan worms of the human body [20][21][22][23][24] and the larval stages of some scalidophorans [25 -28]. Ecdysis is relatively well documented in early Palaeozoic panarthropods such as trilobites [10,29 -31], and has also been recognized in more basal groups such as anomalocaridids [32] and lobopodians [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of ecdysis: fossil evidence from 535-million-year-old scalidophoran worms

et al. 2019

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With millions of extant species, ecdysozoans (Scalidophora, Nematoida and Panarthropoda) constitute a major portion of present-day biodiversity. All ecdysozoans secrete an exoskeletal cuticle which must be moulted periodically and replaced by a larger one. Although moulting (ecdysis) has been recognized in early Palaeozoic panarthropods such as trilobites and basal groups such as anomalocaridids and lobopodians, the fossil record lacks clear evidence of ecdysis in early scalidophorans, largely because of difficulties in recognizing true exuviae. Here, we describe two types of exuviae in microscopic scalidophoran worms from the lowermost Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation ( ca 535 Ma) of China and reconstruct their moulting process. These basal scalidophorans moulted in a manner similar to that of extant priapulid worms, extricating themselves smoothly from their old tubular cuticle or turning their exuviae inside out like the finger of a glove. This is the oldest record of moulting in ecdysozoans. We also discuss the origin of ecdysis in the light of recent molecular analyses and the significance of moulting in the early evolution of animals.

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Recent Advances in Elucidating Nematode Moulting – Prospects of Using Oesophagostomum dentatum as a Model

Cited by 7 publications

References 154 publications

Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of molting-related proteins of Trichinella spiralis intestinal infective larvae

Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of molting-related proteins of Trichinella spiralis intestinal infective larvae

Deguelin exerts potent nematocidal activity via the mitochondrial respiratory chain

Origin of ecdysis: fossil evidence from 535-million-year-old scalidophoran worms

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