Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of molting-related proteins of Trichinella spiralis intestinal infective larvae

Abstract

Molting is a key step for body-size expansion and environmental adaptation of parasitic nematodes, and it is extremely important for Trichinella spiralis growth and development, but the molting mechanism is not fully understood. In this work, label-free LC–MS/MS was used to determine the proteome differences between T. spiralis muscle larvae (ML) at the encapsulated stage and intestinal infective larvae (IIL) at the molting stage. The results showed that a total of 2885 T. spiralis proteins were identified, 323 of which were differentially expressed. These proteins were involved in cuticle structural elements, regulation of cuticle synthesis, remodeling and degradation, and hormonal regulation of molting. These differential proteins were also involved in diverse intracellular pathways, such as fatty acid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, and mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis. qPCR results showed that five T. spiralis genes (cuticle collagen 14, putative DOMON domain-containing protein, glutamine synthetase, cathepsin F and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase) had significantly higher transcriptional levels in 10 h IIL than ML (P < 0.05), which were similar to their protein expression levels, suggesting that they might be T. spiralis molting-related genes. Identification and characterization of T. spiralis molting-related proteins will be helpful for developing vaccines and new drugs against the early enteral stage of T. spiralis.

Primary characterization of the immune response in pigs infected with Trichinella spiralis

“…The immune response and gene expression in the host and parasite metabolism are switched on at different developmental stages [9,13,14]. The parasite can evade the host immune defenses to survive through the cuticle and secretory proteins that regulate the immune response and form nurse cells [13,15,16].…”

Vaccination of Mice with a Novel Trypsin from Trichinella spiralis Elicits the Immune Protection against Larval Challenge

“…Our results demonstrated immunization of mice with a single T. spiralis protein (TsT) only produced a partial immune protective effect against larval challenge, the infective larvae in muscle tissues of vaccinated animals were not fully eradicated. Trichinella spiralis is a multicellular foodborne parasite with a complicated lifecycle, each developmental phase has the stage-specific antigens [ 83 , 84 ]. Hence, to eliminate Trichinella infection in food animals, it is needed to develop the oral polyvalent anti- Trichinella vaccines which should be comprised of multiple antigenic epitopes of various T. spiralis lifecycle phases [ 57 , 70 ].…”

Proteomic Insights into the Biology of the Most Important Foodborne Parasites in Europe

“…A total of 4691 proteins were identified in all the stages, of which 1067 were differentially regulated. Different work performed on T. spiralis used label-free LC–MS/MS to determine the proteome differences between T. spiralis ML and intestinal infective larvae at the molting stage [ 183 ]. A total of 2885 proteins were identified, of which 323 were differentially regulated.…”