Recent advances in electrochemical strategies for bacteria detection

Abstract

Introduction: Bacterial infections have always been a major threat to public health and humans' life, and fast detection of bacteria in various samples is significant to provide early and effective treatments. Cell-culture protocols, as well-established methods, involve labor-intensive and complicated preparation steps. For overcoming this drawback, electrochemical methods may provide promising alternative tools for fast and reliable detection of bacterial infections. Methods: Therefore, this review study was done to present an overview of different electrochemical strategy based on recognition elements for detection of bacteria in the studies published during 2015-2020. For this purpose, many references in the field were reviewed, and the review covered several issues, including (a) enzymes, (b) receptors, (c) antimicrobial peptides, (d) lectins, (e) redox-active metabolites, (f) aptamer, (g) bacteriophage, (h) antibody, and (i) molecularly imprinted polymers. Results: Different analytical methods have developed are used to bacteria detection. However, most of these methods are highly time, and cost consuming, requiring trained personnel to perform the analysis. Among of these methods, electrochemical based methods are well accepted powerful tools for the detection of various analytes due to the inherent properties. Electrochemical sensors with different recognition elements can be used to design diagnostic system for bacterial infections. Recent studies have shown that electrochemical assay can provide promising reliable method for detection of bacteria. Conclusion: In general, the field of bacterial detection by electrochemical sensors is continuously growing. It is believed that this field will focus on portable devices for detection of bacteria based on electrochemical methods. Development of these devices requires close collaboration of various disciplines, such as biology, electrochemistry, and biomaterial engineering.

Absorption/Attenuation Spectral Description of ESKAPEE Bacteria: Application to Seeder-Free Culture Monitoring, Mammalian T-Cell and Bacteria Mixture Analysis and Contamination Description

“…The growth of defined concentrations of E. coli (1 × 10 6 cfu.mL −1 ) into LB at 37 • C and 190 rpm was performed for one day. Spectral measurements were performed every hour ( [2][3][4][5][6] and [26-29 h]) or every 30 min ([6-13 h 30 min]).…”

“…Label-free methods such as cytometry [32], lens-free imaging [33] or impedance-based methods [4] may be an alternative to sensor saturation. However, they seem difficult to implement in a real-time measurement device.…”

“…Historically, detection techniques have been based on growth monitoring and measuring different changes: (i) gas composition in a closed environment, used for the blood bacteria detection of CO 2 in sepsis diagnosis [2]; (ii) the production of highly charged ionic metabolites inducing changes in the electrical properties of culture mediums measurable by impedance techniques [3,4]; (iii) ATP as a marker of microorganism viability but requiring filtration to distinguish the bacteria from other sources [5]; (iv) thermal changes measurable by microcalorimetry [6]; and (v) optical density-based techniques measured at specific wavelengths. The sensitivity of each method is dependent on the types of microorganisms.…”

Conformable electrochemical devices for closed-loop wound management

“…Therefore, microbiological methods for pathogen identification can be used as qualitative indicators of infection (Simoska et al, 2020). The current research progress, aiming at the detection of bacteria, Enzymes such as lipase, hyaluronidase, antimicrobial peptides, antibacterial peptides, substances on the outer membrane of bacteria (such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan and lipopeptide), bacterial flagellin, bacterial DNA, etc., are used to monitor bacteria (Khoshroo et al, 2022;Wang et al,2020).…”

Opinion in Recent Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Platforms for Infectious Disease

“…Electrochemical Sensors (ECs) have gained enormous interest for diagnosing infectious disease due to their exceptional characteristics that correspond to "ASSURED" standard criteria set by the World Health Organization (WHO) [7]. ECs are able to be flexibly integrated into diverse evaluation platforms including wearable and microfluidic devices, elastic materials, and fabrics, further facilitate their deployments [8].…”