Opinion in Recent Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Platforms for Infectious Disease

Abstract

Numerous sensors have been established to explore vital disease-associated biomarkers in medical applications purposely for diagnostic, control, treatment, and prevention [1,2]. Infectious diseases caused by harmful pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites have received the most concern among others and need to be properly enumerated due to their symptom severity and rapid spread, for instance at the beginning of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that caused at least million deaths worldwide [3]. Detecting biomarkers specific to disease onset has been proven to be the most effective way to reduce mortality and efficiently constrain disease outbreaks [4]. However, existing limitations of conventional methods (Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay (ELISA), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-vis)) such as their challenging instrument, lengthy analysis time, unaffordable price, low sensitivity, and specificity immensely hinder their practical outreach, Particularly at The Point-Of-Care Test (POCT), resulting in less effective disease control [5,6]. This suggests that alternative platforms with upgraded properties, affordability, multifunctionality, and minute size for infectious disease are highly sought after.